Nanophase Ceramics as Bone Implant Coatings

描述（由申请方提供）：拟定研究的总体目标是创建一个新的“智能”骨科和牙科植入物涂层材料系列，该系列材料可增强现有植入物的新骨形成。“智能”涂层材料对于选择性地增加骨细胞功能，同时抑制导致软组织而不是骨组织形成的竞争性细胞的功能是必要的。这种骨整合为植入物提供了原位的机械稳定性，最大限度地减少了对周围组织的运动诱导损伤，并且对于骨植入物的临床成功是必要的。通过这种方式，拟议项目的健康相关性是增加植入物和并列骨之间的结合，以便接受关节或牙齿置换手术的患者可以快速恢复正常的积极生活方式。此外，本发明的目的是通过产生与并置骨形成牢固、持久的结合的材料来增加矫形材料的使用寿命。本研究中提出的作为更有效的骨科植入物涂层的材料是：掺钇纳米相羟基磷灰石。纳米相陶瓷是一种有趣的新材料配方，因为它们的粒径直径小于100纳米。出于这个原因，纳米陶瓷模拟骨骼的粒度和形貌。掺杂钇涂层的羟基磷灰石可增加血清中钙的初始吸收，导致选择性蛋白质吸附，以增强骨细胞功能。这是推测的，因为钇对钙具有高亲和力。当不用作植入物涂层时，先前的研究已经确定掺杂钇的纳米相羟基磷灰石比现有的羟基磷灰石制剂增加骨细胞功能。本研究将建立在这些结果的基础上，通过使用一种新的技术来涂覆目前使用的骨修复材料（钛）与掺杂钇的纳米相羟基磷灰石。对于I期研究，将使用体外细胞模型确定掺杂钇的钛涂层纳米相羟基磷灰石促进新骨合成和限制竞争性细胞功能的能力。具体而言，将在拟定涂层材料上确定成骨细胞（骨形成细胞）和成纤维细胞（与竞争性软组织形成相关的细胞）功能。因此，本提案的具体目标是将先前设计的增强新骨形成的材料与将这些生物活性材料转化为实用骨假体涂层的新技术结合联合收割机。毫无疑问，用于研究新涂层技术和新涂层材料的拟议研究中使用的设计标准可能对开发“下一代”骨科植入物产生重大影响，这些植入物具有更好的结合并置骨的能力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective of the proposed study is to create a new family of "smart" orthopedic and dental implant coating materials that enhance new bone formation over existing implants. "Smart" coating materials are necessary to selectively increase bone cell function while, at the same time, inhibit functions of competitive cells that lead to soft, instead of bony, tissue formation. Such osseointegration provides mechanical stability to an implant in situ, minimizes motion-induced damage to surrounding tissues, and is imperative for the clinical success of bone implants. In this manner, the health relatedness of the proposed project is to increase bonding between an implant and juxtaposed bone so that a patient who has received joint or dental replacement surgery may quickly return to a normal active lifestyle. Furthermore, the present proposal aims to increase the service-life of an orthopedic material by creating materials that form a strong, long lasting, bond with juxtaposed bone. The material proposed in the present study as a more effective orthopedic implant coating is: nanophase hydroxyapatite doped with yttrium. Nanophase ceramics are intriguing new material formulations since they possess grain sizes less than 100 nm in diameter. For this reason, nanophase ceramics simulate the grain size and topography of bone. Hydroxyapatite doped with yttrium coatings may increase initial absorption of calcium from serum leading to select protein adsorption to enhance bone cell function. This is speculated since yttrium has a high affinity for calcium. When not used as an implant coating, previous studies have determined that nanophase hydroxyapatite doped with yttrium increases bone cell function over existing hydroxyapatite formulations. The present study will build upon these results by using a novel technique to coat a currently utilized bone prosthetic material (titanium) with nanophase hydroxyapatite doped with yttrium. For Phase I studies, the ability of the titanium coated nanophase hydroxyapatite doped with yttrium to promote new bone synthesis and limit competitive cell function will be determined using in vitro cellular models. Specifically, osteoblast (bone-forming cells) and fibroblast (cells that have been associated with competitive soft tissue formation) function will be determined on the proposed coated materials. The specific aims of this proposal are therefore to combine previously designed materials that enhance new bone formation with a novel technique that will transform these bioactive materials into a practical bone prosthetic coating. Undoubtedly, design criteria used in the proposed study to investigate new coating techniques coupled with a new coating material could have great impact in the development of the "next-generation" of orthopedic implants with an improved ability to bind to juxtaposed bone.