Figure-ground segregation and self-sitting in infancy

婴儿期的图地分离和自坐

• 批准号: 6847899
• 负责人: LISA M OAKES
• 金额: $ 7.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-12-01 至 2006-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6847899
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; body movement; child behavior; clinical research; cognition; cues; form /pattern perception; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); longitudinal human study; posture; preference; visual perception

Description (provided by applicant): Segregating is essential for and acting the objects in one's figures from grounds effectively perceiving upon environment. Reaching for and grasping objects, navigating a cluttered environment, and accurately perceiving how objects are arranged in depth all depend on the perception of some regions as figure and others as background. Therefore, figure-ground (FG) segregation has implications for normal cognitive and perceptual development in infancy. Despite the importance of FG segregation for infants' cognitive development, no research has directly investigated infants' sensitivity to cues to FG assignment. This is one goal of the proposed work. Cues to FG assignment are perceptual regularities that infants can learn as they perceive and act on the visual world. Another goal of the proposed work is to understand how motor achievements provides new opportunities for infants to learn such regularities. Preliminary findings indicate a relation between the emergence of self-sitting, a motor achievement that has consequences for infants' skilled reaching for objects, and infants' use of symmetry as a cue to FG segregation. The proposed project will further explore this relation by (1) refining the assessment and classification of infants' sitting abilities (Experiment 1), (2) evaluating the relation between self-sitting abilities and infants' use of a different cue to, FG segregation, lower region (Experiment 2), (3) developing a new procedure to directly test the relation between reaching and infants' FG segregation (Experiment 3), and (4) longitudinally assessing both selfsitting and FG segregation abilities to determine the developmental time courses of these two abilities (Experiment 4). The proposed experiments, therefore, will add significantly to our understanding of an aspect of infants' visual perception that has consequences for their abilities to learn about and effectively interact with the environment, and these experiments will provide a deep understanding in the mechanisms that underlie developmental changes in this aspect of infants' visual perception.

描述（由申请人提供）：将人物中的物体与地面分开并有效地感知环境是至关重要的。伸手抓住物体、在杂乱的环境中导航以及准确地感知物体的深度排列方式都取决于将某些区域视为图形而将其他区域视为背景的感知。因此，图形-背景（FG）分离对婴儿期的正常认知和知觉发展具有影响。尽管 FG 分离对于婴儿的认知发展很重要，但没有研究直接调查婴儿对 FG 分配线索的敏感性。这是拟议工作的目标之一。 FG 分配的线索是婴儿在感知视觉世界并采取行动时可以学习的感知规律。拟议工作的另一个目标是了解运动成就如何为婴儿学习这种规律性提供新的机会。初步研究结果表明，自坐的出现（一种对婴儿熟练地够取物体产生影响的运动成就）与婴儿使用对称性作为 FG 分离的提示之间存在关系。拟议的项目将通过以下方式进一步探索这种关系：(1) 完善婴儿坐能力的评估和分类（实验 1），(2) 评估自坐能力与婴儿使用不同提示、FG 分离、下部区域之间的关系（实验 2），(3) 开发一种新程序来直接测试伸手和婴儿 FG 分离之间的关系（实验 3），以及（4） 纵向评估自坐和 FG 分离能力，以确定这两种能力的发展时间进程（实验 4）。因此，所提出的实验将显着增加我们对婴儿视觉感知的一个方面的理解，这对他们学习和有效地与环境互动的能力产生影响，并且这些实验将提供对婴儿视觉感知这一方面发育变化的机制的深入理解。