Coming out of the shadows: Women and geology in Oxford: 1813-1914

2019年，牛津大学任命了第一位女地质学教授，但两个多世纪以来，女性一直参与牛津大学的地质研究。在担任教授的早期，威廉·巴克兰的教学和策展在很大程度上依赖于他妻子玛丽的工作，在大学博物馆建成后，女性的无形劳动仍然很重要。这个项目探索了牛津大学地质学中女性活动的变化，以此来描绘19世纪英国女性在科学领域不断变化的机会和角色。该项目利用了OUMNH的手稿和物品收藏，以恢复妇女在收集、策展和绘制标本方面经常隐藏的工作，并将新兴的、更公开可见的描述、理论化和写作形式的工作置于背景下。在巴克兰之后，与牛津大学教授一起工作的女性为这个项目提供了强大的支柱。安妮·菲利普斯、格蕾丝·普雷斯特维奇、伊格纳·索拉斯和赫塔·索拉斯（他们的兄弟、丈夫和父亲分别是地质学教授）都是非常活跃的地质学家，在19世纪后期，他们逐渐担任了更多的公共角色，最终伊格纳·索拉斯从1903年起在剑桥大学纽纳姆学院担任讲师。此外，该项目还包括作为收集者、告密者和助理参与的范围广泛的其他妇女，力求使她们恢复知名度，并了解她们个人和集体不断变化的作用。这一集中研究了在很长一段时间内与一个机构有联系的一群杰出的女性，这是同类研究中的第一次，为女性在漫长的19世纪地质学中公认的角色的出现提供了重要的见解。

In 2019, the University of Oxford appointed its first female Professor of Geology, but women have been involved in geological researches at Oxford for more than two centuries. During the early years of the professorship, William Buckland's teaching and curation depended to a significant extent on the work of his wife Mary, and the invisible labour of women continued to be important after the building of the University Museum. This project explores the shifting activity of women in Oxford geology as a means of charting the changing opportunities and roles for women in science in Britain across the long nineteenth century. The project draws on the manuscript and object collections of OUMNH both to recover the often hidden work of women in collecting, curating, and drawing specimens, and to contextualize emerging, more publicly visible, forms of work in describing, theorizing, and writing. A strong backbone is given to the project by the women who worked alongside Oxford's professors in succession to Buckland. Anne Phillips, Grace Prestwich, and Igerna and Hertha Sollas (whose brother, husband, and father, respectively, were professors of geology) were all very active geologists, and across the later nineteenth century progressively occupied more public roles, culminating in Igerna Sollas's lectureship at Newnham College Cambridge from 1903. In addition, the project encompasses a wide range of other women involved as collectors, informants, and assistants, seeking to restore them to visibility and to understand their changing role, individually and collectively. This focused study of a remarkable group of women associated with a single institution over an extended period is the first study of its kind, offering important insights into the emergence of a recognized role for women in geology in the long nineteenth-century.