Dynamics of scaling and corrosion in the natural environment: the long-term sustainability of geothermal energy technologies through exp

自然环境中结垢和腐蚀的动态:通过实验实现地热能技术的长期可持续性

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2604004
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2021 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion of carbon steel is a degradation mechanism known for its manifestation within the energy sector, particularly in the geothermal energy production. Despite extensive research, the complexities of CO2 corrosion processes has still left aspects regarding the true reaction pathways and, in particular, corrosion product growth and localised corrosion mechanisms, unresolved. Despite widespread research efforts related to enhancing the understanding of CO2 corrosion mechanism, as well as the development of a plethora of predictive corrosion models, there is a clear disparity in literature focus. The majority of effort is directed towards understanding and predicting uniform corrosion in the absence of protective corrosion products, with less attention afforded to localised corrosion in the presence of such surface deposits. On the one hand, this may be surprising given that localised corrosion constitutes one of the greatest failure modes within the energy sector. However, the localised corrosion mechanism in active materials such as carbon steel appears to be particularly difficult to both elucidate and mitigate. Such processes are not nearly as well understood or characterised compared to localised corrosion in passive materials, where the mechanisms are generally well established and accepted. Numerous theories and influential parameters have been assigned to localised corrosion of carbon steel in CO2-containing environments. Many of those proposed revolve around the existence or generation of local heterogeneity in terms of either surface chemistry or surface texture/composition which invariably promotes galvanic/concentration cells or aids in inducing acidification processes which accentuate corrosion in discrete areas.One factor which has been identified as a pre-cursor to localised corrosion is that associated with the precipitation of carbonate (FexCayCO3) corrosion products on steel surfaces. Such layers can be highly protective against general and localised corrosion when formed under appropriate conditions, suppressing corrosion rate by up to two orders of magnitude in laboratory studies. This is achieved through the layer acting as a diffusion barrier to electrochemically active species and/or blocking active sites on the steel surface. Despite the clear benefits of corrosion products, many authors have suggested that the sporadic, non-uniform coverage of such layers is detrimental to pipeline integrity, as it is conducive to both the initiation and propagation of localised corrosion. In fact, a number of research papers refer to the underlying mechanisms of localised corrosion being associated with the local removal of corrosion products. Whilst this may be true, there are some intricacies associated with this statement which should be explored to gain a full appreciation of the initiation of such mechanisms, as well as consideration of possible alternative theories/explanations. The actual driver for localised corrosion in systems under corrosion deposits or where there is partial coverage should be understood in order to have a full appreciation of the different modes, steps and mechanism of corrosion in such systems. Only by having an understanding of all eventualities, their complexities and the drivers for such reactions can these processes be effectively controlled to prevent failures.
碳钢的二氧化碳(CO2)腐蚀是一种降解机制,在能源部门,特别是在地热能生产中表现出来。尽管进行了广泛的研究,但CO2腐蚀过程的复杂性仍然没有解决真正的反应途径,特别是腐蚀产物生长和局部腐蚀机制。尽管广泛的研究努力,以提高对CO2腐蚀机制的理解,以及过多的预测腐蚀模型的发展,有一个明显的差距,在文献的重点。大多数的努力是针对理解和预测均匀腐蚀的保护性腐蚀产物的情况下,与较少的关注提供局部腐蚀的存在下,这样的表面沉积物。一方面,这可能令人惊讶,因为局部腐蚀是能源部门最大的故障模式之一。然而,活性材料(如碳钢)中的局部腐蚀机制似乎特别难以阐明和减轻。与钝化材料中的局部腐蚀相比,这些过程几乎没有得到很好的理解或表征,其中机制通常是公认的和可接受的。许多理论和有影响力的参数已被分配到碳钢在含CO2环境中的局部腐蚀。许多建议都围绕着表面化学或表面纹理/成分方面的局部异质性的存在或产生,这种异质性总是促进原电池/浓差电池或有助于诱导酸化过程,从而加剧离散区域的腐蚀。已被确定为局部腐蚀前兆的一个因素是与碳酸盐沉淀有关的因素(FexCayCO 3)腐蚀产物。当在适当条件下形成时,这种层可以高度保护一般和局部腐蚀,在实验室研究中将腐蚀速率抑制高达两个数量级。这是通过该层作为电化学活性物质的扩散屏障和/或阻挡钢表面上的活性位点来实现的。尽管腐蚀产物有明显的好处,但许多作者认为,这些层的零星、不均匀覆盖对管道完整性有害,因为它有利于局部腐蚀的开始和传播。事实上,许多研究论文都提到了局部腐蚀的潜在机制与腐蚀产物的局部去除有关。虽然这可能是真的,但与这一陈述相关的一些复杂性应该加以探讨,以充分了解此类机制的启动,并考虑可能的替代理论/解释。应了解腐蚀沉积物下或部分覆盖的系统中局部腐蚀的实际驱动因素,以便全面了解此类系统中腐蚀的不同模式、步骤和机制。只有了解所有可能性、其复杂性和这些反应的驱动因素,才能有效地控制这些过程,防止失败。

项目成果

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其他文献

Internet-administered, low-intensity cognitive behavioral therapy for parents of children treated for cancer: A feasibility trial (ENGAGE).
针对癌症儿童父母的互联网管理、低强度认知行为疗法:可行性试验 (ENGAGE)。
  • DOI:
    10.1002/cam4.5377
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
Differences in child and adolescent exposure to unhealthy food and beverage advertising on television in a self-regulatory environment.
在自我监管的环境中,儿童和青少年在电视上接触不健康食品和饮料广告的情况存在差异。
  • DOI:
    10.1186/s12889-023-15027-w
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03-23
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.5
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
The association between rheumatoid arthritis and reduced estimated cardiorespiratory fitness is mediated by physical symptoms and negative emotions: a cross-sectional study.
类风湿性关节炎与估计心肺健康降低之间的关联是由身体症状和负面情绪介导的:一项横断面研究。
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s10067-023-06584-x
  • 发表时间:
    2023-07
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.4
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
ElasticBLAST: accelerating sequence search via cloud computing.
ElasticBLAST:通过云计算加速序列搜索。
  • DOI:
    10.1186/s12859-023-05245-9
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03-26
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
Amplified EQCM-D detection of extracellular vesicles using 2D gold nanostructured arrays fabricated by block copolymer self-assembly.
使用通过嵌段共聚物自组装制造的 2D 金纳米结构阵列放大 EQCM-D 检测细胞外囊泡。
  • DOI:
    10.1039/d2nh00424k
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03-27
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    9.7
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:

的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('', 18)}}的其他基金

An implantable biosensor microsystem for real-time measurement of circulating biomarkers
用于实时测量循环生物标志物的植入式生物传感器微系统
  • 批准号:
    2901954
  • 财政年份:
    2028
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Exploiting the polysaccharide breakdown capacity of the human gut microbiome to develop environmentally sustainable dishwashing solutions
利用人类肠道微生物群的多糖分解能力来开发环境可持续的洗碗解决方案
  • 批准号:
    2896097
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
A Robot that Swims Through Granular Materials
可以在颗粒材料中游动的机器人
  • 批准号:
    2780268
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Likelihood and impact of severe space weather events on the resilience of nuclear power and safeguards monitoring.
严重空间天气事件对核电和保障监督的恢复力的可能性和影响。
  • 批准号:
    2908918
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Proton, alpha and gamma irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking: understanding the fuel-stainless steel interface
质子、α 和 γ 辐照辅助应力腐蚀开裂:了解燃料-不锈钢界面
  • 批准号:
    2908693
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Field Assisted Sintering of Nuclear Fuel Simulants
核燃料模拟物的现场辅助烧结
  • 批准号:
    2908917
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Assessment of new fatigue capable titanium alloys for aerospace applications
评估用于航空航天应用的新型抗疲劳钛合金
  • 批准号:
    2879438
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Developing a 3D printed skin model using a Dextran - Collagen hydrogel to analyse the cellular and epigenetic effects of interleukin-17 inhibitors in
使用右旋糖酐-胶原蛋白水凝胶开发 3D 打印皮肤模型,以分析白细胞介素 17 抑制剂的细胞和表观遗传效应
  • 批准号:
    2890513
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
CDT year 1 so TBC in Oct 2024
CDT 第 1 年,预计 2024 年 10 月
  • 批准号:
    2879865
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Understanding the interplay between the gut microbiome, behavior and urbanisation in wild birds
了解野生鸟类肠道微生物组、行为和城市化之间的相互作用
  • 批准号:
    2876993
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship

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