Sgr A*, our Galaxy's supermassive black hole

超大质量黑洞（BH）的研究仍然是当代天体物理学的前沿。黑洞是极端重力和物理现象的代名词。它们在天体物理学上的重要性在于，黑洞在成长过程中会释放出大量能量，对宿主星系产生强烈影响。然而，这些过程的具体运作方式尚不清楚。除了一个例子，观测还不能解决黑洞吞噬食物的小尺度问题；我们也缺乏黑洞爆发之间的因果关系，以及它们对星系的影响，以及如何影响。Sgr A*是银河系中心400万太阳质量的黑洞，是唯一的例外。它是离我们最近的黑洞物理实验室。虽然目前非常暗淡，但Sgr A*在600万年前经历了一次壮观的活动，当时一个巨大的气体云落在它身上。由此产生的黑洞增长释放出强大的流出物，震撼了银河系内部的圆盘，并膨胀了垂直于圆盘的两个星系尺度的伽马射线发射瓣。与此同时，数百颗年轻的大质量恒星在小得惊人的轨道上形成，以接近光速百分之几的速度围绕人马座A*旋转。我们的团队在Sgr A*活动的理论和数值模拟研究方面处于领先地位，为2020年诺贝尔奖获得者R. Genzel团队关于Sgr A*年轻恒星的工作提供支持。在过去的十年里，观测人员为这个独特的黑洞活动增加了一个又一个重要的细节。在这个项目中，我们将对Sgr A*的生长和反馈进行数值模拟。通过将模拟结果与大量观测约束进行比较，我们将创建最详细的图像，了解在黑洞的直接环境中发生了什么，以及它的活动如何继续在银河系中产生反响。我们项目的最终目标是创建一个详细的Sgr a *最近（在银河系的术语中）增长，活动的模型，以及它如何在从毫秒差距到千秒差距的尺度上影响银河系。此外，利用银河系中黑洞的独特数据质量，我们将研究一些迄今为止未经测试的黑洞生长和外部星系反馈的理论模型。这个项目的有力候选人将对理论天体物理学和数值模拟感兴趣。不需要有高性能计算经验。将提供公共可用和内部创建的软件。

Studies of Supermassive Black Holes (BH) remain at the forefront of contemporary astrophysics. BHs are synonymous with extreme gravity and physical phenomena. Their astrophysical importance lies in the fact that BHs release vast amounts of energy when they grow, strongly affecting their host galaxies. However, how these processes operate in detail is not understood. Except for one example, observations do not yet resolve the small scales on which BHs devour its food; we also lack causality information between BH outbursts and what they do to the galaxies, and how. Sgr A*, the 4 Million Solar mass BH in the centre of the Milky Way, is the unique exception. It is the closest to us laboratory of BH physics. Although presently very dim, Sgr A* went through a spectacular activity episode ~ 6 Million years ago when a massive gas cloud fell onto it. The resulting BH growth launched powerful outflows that shocked the inner Galaxy's disc, and inflated two Galaxy-scale gamma-ray emitting lobes perpendicular to the disc. In parallel to this, hundreds of young massive stars formed on surprisingly small orbits, whizzing about Sgr A* at speeds approaching a few percent of speed of light. Our group has led the way in theoretical and numerical simulations studies of Sgr A* activity, providing support to the group of 2020 Nobel prize winner R. Genzel in their work on young stars orbiting Sgr A*. During the last decade observers added one important detail to another on this unique example of BH activity. In this project we shall perform numerical simulations of Sgr A* growth and feedback. By comparing simulation results to a multitude of observational constraints we will create the most detailed yet picture of what happened in the immediate environment of our BH, and how its activity continues to reverberate through the Galaxy. The end goal of our project is to create a detailed model of Sgr A* recent (in Galaxy's terms) growth, activity, and how it affected the Galaxy on scales from a milli-parsec to many kilo-parsecs. In addition, utilising the unique quality of data for the BH in the Milky Way, we shall investigate a number of so far untested theoretical models for BH growth and feedback in external galaxies. A strong candidate for this project will be interested in theoretical astrophysics and numerical simulations. No prior high performance computing experience is expected. Both public available and in house created software will be provided.