Kingship, Nobility and Gentry: The Uses and Abuses of Wardship from Edward III to Henry IV (1350-1413)

王权、贵族和绅士：从爱德华三世到亨利四世（1350-1413）监护权的使用和滥用

• 批准号: 2606405
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2606405
• 关键词: Kingship; Nobility; Gentry; Uses; Abuses

This thesis is the first comprehensive analysis of the development, use and impact of wardships during the late fourteenth-century. 'Wardship' is a legal term used to define the practice of arranging custodianship for the land and body of an heir (i.e. the 'ward') who inherited while still underage. Wardships brought the crown and landholding-classes into close contact and sometimes even conflict as the king used them to manipulate the land market while landholders attempted to limit the disruption to their estates and their line of succession. Studying wardships opens an important window onto a number of key areas of social, economic and politic life in late medieval England. My thesis addresses three principal strands:1. It investigates how wardships were used by the king as a mechanism to shape landed society to serve royal interests. The king could use wardships as a way of rewarding loyal servants. They were therefore a crucial aspect of the distribution of patronage. But granting wardships to third parties denied the crown valuable income. My study will investigate how three medieval English kings balanced these competingpriorities.2. It considers wardships from the perspective of those who received them as grants from the crown. I investigate who the custodians were and why they were chosen. I also consider how they managed the lands in their custody: did they discharge their obligations responsibly or did they abuse their position and exploit the lands for their own benefit? 3. It explores the experiences of families whose heirs became wards. Wardships had a profound impact on those landowning families whose lands transferred into the custody of the crown or third parties. There is a crucial social dimension to this strand since wards - sometimes as young as 6 months - were usually placed into the care of the family of the custodian. While this could sometimes be highly disruptive, it could equally result in mutually advantageous social and political networking.

本文是第一次全面分析监护制度在14世纪后期的发展、使用和影响。“监护权”是一个法律的术语，用于定义安排未成年继承人（即“被监护人”）的土地和身体的监护权的做法。总督使王室和地主阶级密切接触，有时甚至发生冲突，因为国王利用他们来操纵土地市场，而地主则试图限制对他们的地产和继承顺序的破坏。研究监护权打开了一个重要的窗口到一些关键领域的社会，经济和政治生活在中世纪晚期的英格兰。我的论文涉及三个主要方面：1。它探讨了国王如何利用监护权作为一种机制来塑造土地社会，为皇家利益服务。国王可以使用监护权作为奖励忠诚仆人的一种方式。因此，他们是赞助分配的一个关键方面。但授予第三方监护权剥夺了王室宝贵的收入。我的研究将调查三个中世纪的英国国王如何平衡这些竞争的优先权.它从那些从国王那里获得赠款的人的角度来考虑监护权。我调查谁是监护人，为什么他们被选中。我还考虑了他们如何管理他们所保管的土地：他们是否负责任地履行了他们的义务，或者他们是否滥用他们的地位，为了自己的利益剥削土地？3.它探讨了继承人成为监护人的家庭的经历。监护权对那些土地被移交给王室或第三方监护的地主家庭产生了深远的影响。有一个关键的社会层面，这一链，因为病房-有时只有6个月-通常放在照顾家庭的监护人。虽然这有时可能具有很大的破坏性，但它同样可能导致互利的社会和政治网络。