A Discourse Analysis of UK Black Rights Activism in the Post-war Era

2020年，大西洋两岸爆发了大规模的黑人生命也是抗议活动，批评制度种族主义和警察暴行。对此，学者们一直在思考，西方国家历史上白人至上的统治是否困扰着现代政治。与此同时，颇具影响力的后殖民学者保罗·吉尔罗伊称自己暂时对BLM持悲观态度，而黑人女权主义者斯特拉·达齐则表示，这场运动让她对20世纪60年代的黑人权利运动有了似曾相识的感觉。虽然Gilroy和Dadzie支持BLM的精神，但他们认为BLM可以从评估之前的黑人权利运动中学习。考虑到战后时期是黑人权利运动的重要时期，我们可以分析他们的修辞和策略，以综合出有效的方法来促进黑人解放运动。在后殖民理论(和话语分析，作为理论和方法)的理论贡献的基础上，这个项目将对档案材料进行实证研究，以帮助了解战后英国黑人权利运动的学术知识。青年组织(教育与庆祝组织、不要安顿组织、瘤组织和所有剧院组织)表示有兴趣利用这些发现来教育未来的活动。尽管黑人活动人士重新对非殖民化课程的呼吁产生了兴趣，但教授黑人政治几乎不是主流政治教育的关键。查尔斯·米尔斯在他对种族自由主义的批评中声名鹊起，这是对西方平等主义宣言中存在的隐秘的种族等级制度的批评。为了检验米尔斯的理论，这个项目将考察不同的社会团体如何解释英国机构在复制种族主义方面的作用，他们的要求是什么，以及对他们进行的少量研究。确定这些不同的组织如何将黑人和棕色人种的困境带入公共话语，将使我们对他们的经历的理解多样化。同样，这个项目旨在庆祝那些抵制压迫的知识分子和活动家，他们否认黑人被动应对殖民当局的说法，并将现代黑人权利运动与黑人抵抗白人统治的长期历史联系起来。本项目将运用话语分析的方法，探讨战后英国黑人权利运动的对话建构。使用韦瑟雷尔和波特的分析工具--解释曲目，这个项目将比较概念构建和解释方面的差异，以了解为什么黑人权利运动在关键问题上存在差异。研究的对象既是黑人身份/社区的构建，也是对白人种族主义的批判。群体身份是新出现的，通常是在后临时定义的，通过“起源故事”和“理由”的修辞。就像他们对‘他者’的构建一样，‘他者’对‘我们’的冒犯和对‘他者’的应该做什么通过否定暗示着我们(Chantal，2005)。在区分论证之后，这种方法提供了一个分析机会，以利用语境和理论资源来分析导致差异的因素，并评估哪些战略选择对现代积极分子最有用。

In 2020, large scale Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests were mounted across the transatlantic, criticising institutional racism and police brutality. In response, scholars have been considering whether the historic white supremacy of western states haunts modern politics . At the same time, the influential post-colonial scholar Paul Gilroy described himself as tentatively 'pessimistic' about BLM and the black feminist Stella Dadzie stated the movement gave her 'dejà vu' of the black rights movements in the 1960s . While Gilroy and Dadzie are in support of BLM's ethos, they argue BLM can learn from evaluating previous black rights movements. Considering the post-war period as a significant era for black rights movements, we can analyse their rhetoric and strategies to synthesize effective methods for BLM. Building on the theoretical contributions of post-colonial theories (and discourse analysis, as theory and method , this project will empirically examine archival material to contribute to academic knowledge of British black rights movements in the post-war period youth organisations (Educate & Celebrate, Don't Settle, Warts and All Theatre) have expressed interest in using the findings to educate future activists.Although calls for decolonising the curriculum has seen a renewed interest in black activists, teaching black politics has rarely been essential to mainstream political education. Charles Mills has grown to prominence in his critique of racial liberalism, a critique of the furtive racial hierarchies which have existed in Western egalitarian declarations. To examine Mills' theory, this project will examine how different social groups interpreted the role of British institutions in reproducing racism and what their demands were, and the little research undertaken on them. Determining how these differing organisations brought the plights of black and brown peoples into public discourse will pluralise our understanding of their experiences. Equally, this project seeks to celebrate intellectuals and activists who resisted against oppression to deny narratives of black passivity in response to colonial authority and to contextualise modern black rights movements in the long history of black resistance to white dominance . Using the discourse analytic approach, this project will explore the dialogic construction of black rights movements in the post-war era UK . Using Wetherell and Potter's analytic tool, the interpretive repertoire, this project will contrast differences in the construction and interpretation of concepts to understand why black rights movements differed on key issues. The object of study will both be the construction of black identity/community and critique of white racism. Groups identities are emergent, often defined post-hoc, through the rhetoric of 'origin stories' and raison d'etres. Just as their construction of the 'other', the 'other's' offenses toward the 'us' and what should be done about the 'other' imply we-ness through negation (Chantal, 2005). After differentiating the argumentation, this method provides an analytic opportunity to draw on contextual and theoretical resources to the factors which cause the differences and evaluate which strategic choices are most useful for modern activists.