A historical analysis of the mobilisation and resistance of black women against racial, gender, and class-based oppression in the United Kingdom (UK)

英国黑人妇女动员和抵抗种族、性别和阶级压迫的历史分析

• 批准号: 2704969
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Birkbeck, University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2704969
• 关键词: historical; analysis; mobilisation; resistance; black

The principal aim of this research is to conduct a comparative historical analysis of the ways in which blackwomen have resisted and mobilised against racial, gender, and class-based oppression in the UK and France. This study will make a valuable contribution to existing historical analyses of feminist and antiracist resistance movements in Europe, by excavating voices which would otherwise remain hidden. By analysing six resistance movements in total, this research will illustrate how black feminist movements have had to mobilise differently due to the formation of each polity. Following the second wave of women's liberation movements, the selected movements arose in the interest of collectively organising against various forms of oppression. These movements provide nuance to re-emerging debates in the present surrounding the broader context of universalism and multiculturalism.Furthermore, the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement across the USA and in Europe, has highlighted the need to address the complex relationship between race, gender, and class-based oppression. The black women involved in organising at the chosen sites similarly face the intersection of multiple forms of oppression due to the complex relationship between racism and sexism. This project will contribute to ongoing research concerning the reconstruction of feminist histories that have been hidden. It will develop an original comparison of political engagement in the UK and France, constructed by those who were at the centre of decolonial and intersectional feminist organising. There are potential applications of this project within broader feminist organising in the UK, as the cases prompt the question of the varying effectiveness of different resistance movements. Contemporary feminist organising through groups such as 'Sisters Uncut' and #ReclaimTheseStreets highlight the importance of collective action against sexism and gender-based oppression in the UK. In France during the 1990s, a perceived hiatus occurred within Francophone Afro feminist movements as black women focused on mobilising against racial oppression. However, a 'renouveau' (rebirth) has become apparent since the dawn of the 21st century. Increasing tensions surrounding the implementation of 'laïcité' have reignited discussions around resistance towards the French Republic. Movements such as 'La coordination des femmes are precursors to the modern afro-feminist movement in France. It is therefore pertinent to conduct this research now following the re-emergence of black feminist resistance movements in France as the women involved in these groups constitute living archives whose experiences deserve documentation and analysis. This research has a strong temporal element, enriching prominent public debates surrounding the implementation of the 'réunion non-mixte' in France, which aims to prevent groups meeting at the exclusion of others. At the core of this argument are tensions between Republican ideals surrounding the public sphere, and the liberty of individuals to self-organise. Long-standing discussions in the UK regarding the existence of institutional racism have permeated contemporary public rhetoric about the interlocking relationship between race and gender.

本研究的主要目的是进行比较历史分析的方式，其中黑人妇女抵制和动员反对种族，性别和基于阶级的压迫在英国和法国。这项研究将作出宝贵的贡献，现有的历史分析女权主义和反种族主义的抵抗运动在欧洲，挖掘的声音，否则仍然隐藏。通过分析总共六个抵抗运动，本研究将说明如何黑人女权运动已经动员不同，由于每个政体的形成。在第二波妇女解放运动之后，出现了一些旨在集体组织起来反对各种形式压迫的运动。这些运动为当前围绕普遍主义和多元文化主义的更广泛背景重新出现的辩论提供了细微差别。此外，美国和欧洲黑人生命问题运动的兴起突出了解决种族，性别和阶级压迫之间复杂关系的必要性。由于种族主义和性别歧视之间的复杂关系，在选定的地点参与组织的黑人妇女同样面临多种形式的压迫。该项目将有助于正在进行的关于重建被隐藏的女权主义历史的研究。它将开发在英国和法国的政治参与的原始比较，由那些谁是在非殖民地和跨部门的女权主义组织的中心构建。这个项目在英国更广泛的女权主义组织中有潜在的应用，因为这些案例提示了不同抵抗运动的不同有效性的问题。当代女权主义者通过“未切割的姐妹篇”和#ReclaimTheseStreets等团体组织起来，强调了在英国采取集体行动反对性别歧视和基于性别的压迫的重要性。1990年代在法国，法语非洲裔女权运动出现了明显的中断，因为黑人妇女专注于动员反对种族压迫。然而，自21世纪世纪初以来，“renouveau”（重生）变得明显。围绕“自由主义”实施的日益紧张的局势重新引发了围绕抵抗法兰西共和国的讨论。“妇女协调”等运动是法国现代非洲女权主义运动的先驱。因此，在法国重新出现黑人女权主义抵抗运动之后，现在进行这项研究是恰当的，因为参与这些团体的妇女构成了活档案，其经历值得记录和分析。这项研究具有很强的时间因素，丰富了围绕在法国实施“非混合团聚”的突出的公共辩论，其目的是防止群体在排斥他人的情况下聚会。这场争论的核心是围绕公共领域的共和党理想与个人自我组织的自由之间的紧张关系。在联合王国，关于制度性种族主义存在的长期讨论已经渗透到当代关于种族和性别之间环环相扣的关系的公共言论中。