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Moral Twin Earths: Contextualism, Relativism and Semantic Externalism

道德孪生地球：语境主义、相对主义和语义外在主义

基本信息

批准号：
2607626
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2607626
关键词：
Moral Twin Earths Contextualism Relativism

项目摘要

The topic in intend to do research on is based on Horgan and Timmons's Moral Twin Earth thought experiment (1991). H&T proposed us toimagine two planets: Planet Earth, where earthlings behave, think, and argue morally according to Consequentialist Principles; and Twin-Earth,where twin-earthling behave, think and argue morally according to Deontologist Principles. Inhabitants of both planets speak languages that arerelevantly very much alike. If we take earthlings and twin-earthlings to disagree about the truth of the sentence 'lying for saving a life is morallygood', H&T observe two options. Since earthling and twin-earthling are meaning different things by their moral terms, either -one- we claim thatearthlings and twin-earthlings just have a linguistic disagreement acknowledging that both are correct in their own terms; or -two- we follow thewidespread intuition about them having a substantive moral disagreement and we deny that both could be simultaneously correct. Since atwin-earth example can be built for any theory that admits a fixed set of properties as references of moral terms, that disjunction would be faced byany synthetic approach to the meaning of moral terms. In my research, I intend to explore the options that are between the disjuncts Horgan andTimmons proposed.

本文拟研究的课题是基于Horgan和Timmons的道德孪生地球思想实验（1991）。H&T建议我们想象两个星球：地球，地球人的行为，思考，并根据后果主义原则进行道德辩论;和双胞胎地球，双胞胎地球人的行为，思考和根据道义主义原则进行道德辩论。两个星球的居民所说的语言非常相似。如果我们让地球人和双胞胎地球人不同意“为了拯救生命而撒谎是道德上的好”这句话的真实性，H&T观察到两种选择。既然地球人和双胞胎地球人用他们的道德术语来表达不同的意思，那么要么--一--我们声称地球人和双胞胎地球人只是在语言上有分歧，承认他们用自己的术语来说都是正确的;要么--二--我们遵循普遍的直觉，认为他们有实质性的道德分歧，我们否认两者可以同时正确。既然任何理论都可以建立一个关于地球的例子，只要它承认一组固定的属性作为道德术语的参考，那么任何对道德术语的意义进行综合的方法都将面临这种分离。在我的研究中，我打算探索霍根和蒂蒙斯提出的析取之间的选择。