Thermal-Hydraulics measurement and sensing techniques for Nuclear Applications

核应用的热工水力测量和传感技术

• 批准号: 2621996
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Bangor University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2621996
• 关键词: Thermal; Hydraulics; measurement; sensing; techniques

The emerging generation of nuclear reactors, small and advanced modular reactors (SMR/AMR), promise a flexible and cost-efficient option for propelling a significant portion of future carbon-free energy production in the UK. New instrumentation and data capture will be essential in new nuclear builds but also in the systems required to examine SMR/AMR bespoke operating regimes and Thermal-Hydraulics (T/H) operational modes relying on natural convection, steam generation and condensation processes, which need to be well understood and validated before deployment. The PhD project will develop instrumentation for experiments and supporting process measurement to be applied in the water loops being built or planned for THOR, as well as potentially in adjoining projects in the field of automotive applications. Suitable T/H measurement techniques will be explored in design simulations and validation experiments that will demonstrate their applicability in different measurement scenarios. Since each technique comes with its own benefits and drawbacks, a few different sensing techniques need to be explored. As a primary reference measurement technique, the project will develop high-resolution multi-wire sensing experimental tools for T/H applications to characterise flow through a plane in time. These are suitable for producing a detailed image of flow through the central plane of an experiment, or the inlet and outlet flow of the test section, e.g. to accurately determine void fractions and detailed bubble structures. Capability to explore new, still unresearched flow geometries will result, since the sensors can be constructed in-house for bespoke geometries, which can cover applications ranging from classic fuel-like geometries to bespoke SMR safety validation related rigs for integral testing. The limitation with wire sensors relates to the flow and bubble distortion caused by the necessary physical presence of wires. A less distortive sensor type that the project will apply are optical fibre needle probe sensors. Novel avenues will be probed through configurations where traditional wire and fibre sensor techniques will be used for a combined measurement approach. Yet another new application area that will be targeted is the design and use of novel optical fibre based wire sensors for flow characterisation. NFI plans to develop Particle Imaging Velocimetry and X-ray radiography measurement configurations for deployment in various experiments, to which the techniques elaborated will be complementary. The proposed PhD research project is part of a comprehensive effort to develop new and enhanced T/H measurement techniques for application in T/H facilities developed by NFI or collaborators in the UK and internationally to support novel reactor concepts.

新一代的核反应堆，即小型和先进的模块化反应堆（SMR/AMR），为推动英国未来无碳能源生产的重要部分提供了灵活且具有成本效益的选择。新的仪器和数据采集将在新的核建筑中至关重要，但在检查SMR/AMR定制操作制度和依赖于自然对流，蒸汽发生和冷凝过程的热工水力（T/H）操作模式所需的系统中也是如此，这些操作模式需要在部署前得到充分理解和验证。博士项目将开发用于实验和支持过程测量的仪器，用于正在为THOR建造或计划的水循环，以及可能用于汽车应用领域的相邻项目。合适的T/H测量技术将在设计模拟和验证实验中进行探索，以证明其在不同测量场景中的适用性。由于每种技术都有自己的优点和缺点，因此需要探索一些不同的传感技术。作为主要的参考测量技术，该项目将开发高分辨率的多线传感实验工具，用于T/H应用，以及时测量通过平面的气流。这些都适用于产生通过实验中心平面的流动或测试段的入口和出口流动的详细图像，例如，以准确地确定空隙率和详细的气泡结构。能够探索新的，尚未研究的流动几何形状，因为传感器可以在内部构建定制的几何形状，这可以涵盖从经典的燃料几何形状到定制的SMR安全验证相关的整体测试装置的应用。金属丝传感器的局限性与金属丝的必要物理存在所导致的流动和气泡变形有关。该项目将应用的失真较小的传感器类型是光纤针探头传感器。新的途径将探索通过配置传统的电线和光纤传感器技术将用于一个组合的测量方法。另一个新的应用领域，将有针对性的是设计和使用新型光纤为基础的线传感器的流量特性。NFI计划开发粒子成像测速和X射线照相测量配置，用于各种实验，所阐述的技术将是补充。拟议的博士研究项目是全面努力开发新的和增强的T/H测量技术的一部分，用于由NFI或合作者在英国和国际上开发的T/H设施，以支持新的反应堆概念。