Sequence Induction in Infancy: A systematic approach

婴儿期的序列诱导：一种系统方法

• 批准号: 7103786
• 负责人: SCOTT P JOHNSON
• 金额: $ 29.69万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7103786
• 关键词: association learning; behavioral /social science research tag; child psychology; clinical research; comprehension; consciousness; form /pattern perception; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Thirteen experiments investigate the early development of the ability to learn patterns in sequential input. Such evidence would seem likely to provide a substantial contribution to our knowledge of how infants identify both concrete and abstract patterns, a fundamental aspect of cognitive development. The proposed experiments are organized into three broad studies. In the first study, we will examine "ancillary" factors that may influence sequence learning in infancy. We emphasize the importance of two kinds of relations between elements in any multi-element group or string: itemwise relations, between specific instances (e.g., statistical learning), and variablewise relations, between algebraic placeholders (e.g., abstract pattern or rule learning). We argue that a first step toward any programmatic series of experiments on these kinds of learning-must involve an understanding of processing limitations that may constrain performance. In the second study, we will investigate the different kinds of patterns infants may be able to learn, using past and pilot data as a guide for our theorizing. In the final study, we will explore the intriguing possibility that infants may learn more than one pattern in any single set of inputs, a classic question that has received little empirical attention in the literature on cognitive development. The short-term objectives of the present proposal are to elucidate fundamental developmental mechanisms in the ability to detect abstract visual and auditory structure. The long-term goals are to shed light on the larger question of how knowledge is acquired and structured in the human, how perceptual skills impact knowledge acquisition and structure, and how to best characterize early development. In the future, such understanding may aid in the formulation of diagnostics and treatments for some developmental disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：十三个实验研究了学习顺序输入模式的能力的早期发展。这些证据似乎可能为我们了解婴儿如何识别具体和抽象模式（认知发展的一个基本方面）做出重大贡献。拟议的实验分为三项广泛的研究。在第一项研究中，我们将研究可能影响婴儿期序列学习的“辅助”因素。我们强调任何多元素组或字符串中元素之间的两种关系的重要性：特定实例之间的逐项关系（例如统计学习）和代数占位符之间的变量关系（例如抽象模式或规则学习）。我们认为，对此类学习进行任何程序化系列实验的第一步必须涉及对可能限制性能的处理限制的理解。在第二项研究中，我们将使用过去的数据和试点数据作为我们的理论指导，调查婴儿可能能够学习的不同类型的模式。在最后的研究中，我们将探讨一种有趣的可能性，即婴儿可能在任何一组输入中学习不止一种模式，这是一个在认知发展文献中很少受到实证关注的经典问题。本提案的短期目标是阐明检测抽象视觉和听觉结构能力的基本发展机制。长期目标是阐明人类如何获取和构建知识、感知技能如何影响知识获取和结构以及如何最好地描述早期发展的更大问题。将来，这种理解可能有助于制定某些发育障碍的诊断和治疗方法。