Constraints on Visual Statistical Learning in Infancy

婴儿期视觉统计学习的限制

• 批准号: 8690126
• 负责人: SCOTT P JOHNSON
• 金额: $ 30.39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-20 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8690126
• 关键词: Accounting; Achievement; Address; Affect; Age; Appearance; Attention; Auditory; Autistic Disorder; Child; Cognitive; Complex; Cues; Detection; Development; Developmental Delay Disorders; Dimensions; Discrimination; Early Diagnosis; Early treatment; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Goals; Human; Infant; Iron deficiency anemia; Knowledge; Language Development; Lead; Learning; Light; Linguistics; Machine Learning; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Older Population; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Population; Probability; Procedures; Process; Research; Risk; Role; Scanning; Series; Shapes; Specificity; Stimulus; Structure; Testing; Time; Ursidae Family; Visual; Work; autism spectrum disorder; coping; developmental disease; disability; infancy; interest; novel; research study; skills; statistics; theories; tool; trend; visual information; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Visual statistical learning is the process of identifying patterns of probabilistic co-occurrence among visual features, essential to our ability to perceivethe world as predictable and stable. The proposed experiments will provide the first comprehensive examination of infants' detection of complex statistical patterns in visual sequences and layouts b describing computation of probabilistic information by infants from 2 to 14 months. This is a formaive time in perceptual and cognitive development characterized by rapid developmental change in perception and learning of environmental structure. In particular, the experiments will examine how structural variability, cognitive load, and memory limitations affect learning, how contextual cues facilitate or impede this learning, and whether the products of such learning can be generalized toa different setting. In addition, the experiments will provide critical tests of domain-specificity b examining the specific contributions of spatial information to visual statistical learning. The shot-term objectives of the proposed research are to learn how developing perceptual and cognitive skills intract in early development to identify statistically defined patterns. The long-term goals are to clarifytheories of cognitive development that posit a central role for inductive learning by computing probabilitie of observations. The results of this research may have implications for understanding development in children who may be at risk for developmental disorders such as iron-deficiency anemia and autism spectrum disorders, both of which have been characterized as deficits in implicit learning. Such an understanding may lead to assessment tools more closely tailored to early diagnosis and treatment than are presently available.

描述（由申请人提供）：视觉统计学习是识别视觉特征之间概率共现模式的过程，这对我们感知世界的能力至关重要。拟议的实验将提供第一次全面检查婴儿的检测复杂的统计模式的视觉序列和布局B描述计算的概率信息的婴儿从2至14个月。这是知觉和认知发展的形成时期，其特征是对环境结构的知觉和学习的快速发展变化。特别是，实验将研究如何 结构变异性、认知负荷和记忆限制影响学习，情境线索如何影响学习， 促进或阻碍这种学习，以及这种学习的产品是否可以推广到不同的环境。此外，这些实验将提供领域特异性的关键测试B，检查空间信息对视觉统计学习的具体贡献。短期目标的拟议研究是了解如何发展知觉和认知技能的早期发展，以确定统计定义的模式。长期目标是通过计算观察的概率来澄清认知发展理论，这些理论在归纳学习中起着核心作用。这项研究的结果可能对理解儿童的发展有影响，这些儿童可能有患发育障碍的风险，如缺铁性贫血和自闭症谱系障碍，这两种障碍都被认为是内隐学习的缺陷。这样的 理解可能导致比目前可用的更适合早期诊断和治疗的评估工具。