Effects of Media on Adolescent AIDS-Related Behavior

媒体对青少年艾滋病相关行为的影响

基本信息

批准号：
7069640
负责人：
MARTIN FISHBEIN
金额：
$ 89.19万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2002-09-03 至 2009-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The media is a pervasive institutional structure in all modern societies. It has often been argued that the media industry encourages unsafe sex by irresponsibly portraying sexual behaviors. As a result, it is widely claimed that youth are negatively influenced by what they see, hear, and read in the media. There is, however, very little evidence to either support or refute this hypothesis. Historically, sexual portrayals in the media, like violence, have raised the ire of advocates, policymakers, and parents dating back to the first mass media marketed to children. Today, the issue remains an important agenda item and has led to public health policy interventions such as V-chip ratings and technology legislation, movie ratings, and video game advisories. Yet few studies of the "effects" of mass media on specific behaviors are done due to theoretical, logistic, design, and cost considerations. One specific reason for this is that much "media influence" is designed to shape and perpetuate consumer preferences and is therefore not targeted to behaviorally-defined groups but rather to the mass consumer public. But other kinds of media effects predicated on the principles of social learning theory and other theories can be predicted for specific "audiences" and specific behaviors. This application focuses on the media's role in presenting sexual content, implying sexual norms, modeling sexual decision making ("self-efficacy"), and displaying the outcomes of sexual behaviors in relation to young adolescents, a group whose attitudes, norms, self-efficacy, and decision-making skills are all in flux and development. This five-year research project is the first to combine behavioral theory, communication theory, and a state of the art content analytic approach to investigate the relationship between exposure to sex in the media and early initiation of sexual intercourse and other sexual behaviors. Using this approach, we develop both objective (i.e., content analytic) and subjective, theory-based measures of (a) the quantity and content of adolescent's exposure to sexual media and (b) adolescents' sexual behavior and its underlying psychosocial determinants (i.e. beliefs, attitudes, norms, self-efficacy and intention). These measures will be tested for their reliability and validity, and they will take developmental, gender and ethnic differences into account. Based on this formative research, we propose a three-wave longitudinal proof of concept study to investigate the empirical link between exposure to sexual content in a broad variety of media (i.e., television, movies, music CDs, the Internet, video games, and magazines) and sexual behavior. In summary, this research uses a theoretically grounded, methodologically sound approach to more fully examine the relationships between media exposure and AIDS-related sexual behavior.

描述（由申请人提供）：媒体是所有现代社会中普遍存在的制度结构。经常有人认为，媒体行业通过不负责任地描绘性行为来鼓励不安全的性行为。结果，人们普遍认为，青年人在媒体上看到，听到和阅读的内容对年轻人产生负面影响。但是，很少有证据支持或反驳这一假设。从历史上看，媒体上的性刻画，例如暴力行为，引起了倡导者，政策制定者和父母的愤怒，可以追溯到第一个向儿童推销的大众媒体。如今，这个问题仍然是重要的议程项目，并导致了公共卫生政策干预措施，例如V-CHIP评级和技术立法，电影评级和视频游戏咨询。然而，由于理论，逻辑，设计和成本考虑因素，很少有关于大众媒体对特定行为的“影响”的研究。这样做的一个具体原因是，许多“媒体影响力”旨在塑造和永久化消费者的喜好，因此不是针对行为定义的群体，而是针对大众消费者的公众。但是，可以针对特定的“受众”和特定行为预测基于社会学习理论原理和其他理论的其他媒体效应。该应用的重点是媒体在呈现性内容，意味着性规范，建模性决策（“自我效能”）以及与年轻青少年有关的性行为结果，该团体的态度，规范，自我效能和决策能力全都在膨胀和发展中。这个五年的研究项目是第一个结合行为理论，沟通理论和最先进的内容分析方法的状态，以调查媒体中的性暴露与性交和其他性行为的早期开始之间的关系。使用这种方法，我们既开发客观（即内容分析）和基于理论的基于理论的衡量标准（a）青少年接触性媒体的数量和内容，以及（b）青少年的性行为及其基本的心理社会决定因素（即信仰，态度，态度，规范，自我效能和意图）。这些措施将根据其可靠性和有效性进行测试，并考虑发展，性别和种族差异。基于这项形成性的研究，我们提出了三波纵向概念研究，以调查各种媒体（即电视，电影，音乐CD，互联网，视频游戏和杂志）中对性内容的经验联系。总而言之，这项研究使用理论上扎根的，理性的方法来更充分地研究媒体暴露与与艾滋病相关的性行为之间的关系。