Genetic Basis of Species Differences in Drosophila

果蝇物种差异的遗传基础

• 批准号: 7139779
• 负责人: JERRY ALLEN COYNE
• 金额: $ 39.6万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-08-01 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7139779
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; behavioral /social science research tag; biochemical evolution; developmental genetics; fertility; gas chromatography; gender difference; gene expression; gene mutation; genetic mapping; genetic strain; genetically modified animals; hydrocarbons; longitudinal animal study; phenotype; pheromone; quantitative trait loci; sex behavior; species difference

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goals of our laboratory are to understand though genetic analysis the evolutionary forces producing new species and species differences in behavioral and morphological traits, to identify the genes involved in such differences and, ultimately, to determine if there are general patterns in the genetics of speciation. We propose to study these questions in two pairs of recently-diverged sister species in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup. Our specific questions are the following: 1. What are genetic bases of hybrid male sterility and morphological and behavioral differences between D. santomea and D. yakuba? These species show strong sexual isolation and hybrid male sterility, as well as strong differences in abdominal pigmentation and male courtship song. We propose to use fine-structure molecular mapping to derive a small set of candidate genes affecting pigmentation and hybrid sterility, as well as an initial genome-wide QTL mapping study of an interspecific difference in male mating song that may play a role in sexual isolation. 2. What are the genes responsible for sexual isolation between D. simulans and D. mauritiana? Our QTL mapping of sexual isolation between these two species has revealed several small regions of the genome affecting mate discrimination. We propose to localize "sexual isolation" genes more accurately in both sexes using fine-structure genetic mapping. 3. How much introgression is permissible among species? We propose to determine how much mixing between separately-evolved species' genomes is permissible by constructing laboratory 'hybrid swarms' between pairs of closely-related species, and following the evolution of molecularly marked chromosome segments, diagnostic morphological traits, and sexual isolation over several years. 4. What explains anomalies in the "hybrid zone" and genetic composition of hybrids in the wild? Naturally- occurring hybrids found on Sao Tome Island are peculiar: they are all male, all F1 hybrids having a D. santomea mother, and nearly all of them occur at high altitude outside the range of either parental species. We will perform laboratory studies of tolerance and preference to understand these anomalies. Our results may be relevant to understanding the origin of species in other animal groups, including humans.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们实验室的长期目标是通过遗传分析了解产生新物种的进化力量以及行为和形态特征方面的物种差异，识别与这些差异相关的基因，并最终确定物种形成遗传学中是否存在一般模式。我们建议在果蝇亚群中最近分化的两对姐妹物种中研究这些问题。我们的具体问题如下： 1. 杂种雄性不育的遗传基础以及 D. santomea 和 D. yakuba 之间的形态和行为差异是什么？这些物种表现出强烈的性隔离和杂种雄性不育性，以及腹部色素沉着和雄性求爱歌曲的强烈差异。我们建议使用精细结构分子作图来衍生一小组影响色素沉着和杂种不育的候选基因，以及对雄性交配鸣声中可能在性隔离中发挥作用的种间差异进行初步全基因组QTL作图研究。 2. 哪些基因导致 D. simulans 和 D. mauritiana 之间的性隔离？我们对这两个物种之间性隔离的 QTL 作图揭示了影响配偶歧视的基因组的几个小区域。我们建议使用精细结构遗传图谱更准确地定位两性的“性隔离”基因。 3. 物种间允许多少基因渗入？我们建议通过在密切相关的物种之间构建实验室“杂交群”，并跟踪分子标记染色体片段、诊断形态特征和性隔离数年的进化，来确定单独进化的物种基因组之间允许多少混合。 4. 如何解释“杂交区”的异常现象以及野生杂交种的遗传组成？在圣多美岛上发现的自然杂交种很奇特：它们都是雄性，所有 F1 杂交种都有 D. santomea 母亲，而且几乎所有它们都出现在亲本物种范围之外的高海拔地区。我们将对耐受性和偏好进行实验室研究，以了解这些异常现象。我们的结果可能与了解包括人类在内的其他动物群体的物种起源有关。