Genetic Basis of Species Differences in Drosophila

描述（由申请人提供）：我们实验室的长期目标是通过基因分析了解产生新物种的进化力量和物种在行为和形态特征上的差异，识别涉及这些差异的基因，并最终确定物种形成的遗传学是否存在一般模式。我们建议在果蝇亚群中最近分化的两对姐妹物种中研究这些问题。我们的具体问题如下：

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goals of our laboratory are to understand though genetic analysis the evolutionary forces producing new species and species differences in behavioral and morphological traits, to identify the genes involved in such differences and, ultimately, to determine if there are general patterns in the genetics of speciation. We propose to study these questions in two pairs of recently-diverged sister species in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup. Our specific questions are the following: 1. What are genetic bases of hybrid male sterility and morphological and behavioral differences between D. santomea and D. yakuba? These species show strong sexual isolation and hybrid male sterility, as well as strong differences in abdominal pigmentation and male courtship song. We propose to use fine-structure molecular mapping to derive a small set of candidate genes affecting pigmentation and hybrid sterility, as well as an initial genome-wide QTL mapping study of an interspecific difference in male mating song that may play a role in sexual isolation. 2. What are the genes responsible for sexual isolation between D. simulans and D. mauritiana? Our QTL mapping of sexual isolation between these two species has revealed several small regions of the genome affecting mate discrimination. We propose to localize "sexual isolation" genes more accurately in both sexes using fine-structure genetic mapping. 3. How much introgression is permissible among species? We propose to determine how much mixing between separately-evolved species' genomes is permissible by constructing laboratory 'hybrid swarms' between pairs of closely-related species, and following the evolution of molecularly marked chromosome segments, diagnostic morphological traits, and sexual isolation over several years. 4. What explains anomalies in the "hybrid zone" and genetic composition of hybrids in the wild? Naturally- occurring hybrids found on Sao Tome Island are peculiar: they are all male, all F1 hybrids having a D. santomea mother, and nearly all of them occur at high altitude outside the range of either parental species. We will perform laboratory studies of tolerance and preference to understand these anomalies. Our results may be relevant to understanding the origin of species in other animal groups, including humans.