UNDOCUMENTED: BUREAUCRATIC ENCOUNTERS AND MIGRANT LABOUR IN SOUTHERN ITALY

未记录的：意大利南部的官僚冲突和移民劳工

• 批准号: 2669209
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2669209
• 关键词: UNDOCUMENTED; BUREAUCRATIC; ENCOUNTERS; MIGRANT; LABOUR

This research project will investigate the dynamics of undocumented migrant agricultural labour inthe region of Calabria, Southern Italy, and how the position of these migrant workers - in terms oftheir living and working conditions, and within global agricultural supply chains - is sustained bytheir lack of documentation. Scholars of migration in Italy and elsewhere have highlighted how thecountry's bureaucratic immigration regime, through inconsistency and incomprehensibility, servesto produce a precarious workforce which is best viewed as a function of statecraft, rather thanoccurring 'outside' of the state. Building on such theories, this project will explore the ways in whichthese regimes are negotiated in practice, and what such negotiations and tactics tell us aboutbroader anthropological tropes of agency and bureaucracy. Focusing on labour practices, temporarycamps, policies (official and unofficial, local and national), and 'bureaucratic encounters', this project will unpack the production of commodities and workforces, and how the movements ofboth are sustained by the lack, or presence, of paperwork.Research Problem:Agriculture is crucial to the economic performance of Italy; agricultural products made up 1.9% ofItaly's total GDP in 2018, with employment in the sector increasing by 4.2% and gross investment inthe sector growing by 4.1% (value) in the same year. In 2010, 43% of Italy's land area was devoted toagriculture which was the second greatest area in the (then) EU27; in the same year, the Italianagricultural labour force accounted for 14% of the economically active population. In Calabria, theregion in which this research will be based, 8.3% of the regular workforce was represented byagricultural labour in 2010.Within this context it is hard to overstate the importance of foreign agricultural labourers. Forexample, one estimate by the Italian Union of Farmers puts the proportion of foreign labourers inthe agricultural sector at 36%. Many of these migrants will be employed in Italy under the guise ofpermanent and seasonal work permits. However, it is a common occurrence that when these expire(the 'permanent' ones need to be renewed every two years), a significant number of migrantworkers opt to stay in the country illegally rather than return to their country of origin. This processmeans that many of those who remain end up in one of many agricultural slums, ripe forexploitation. As such, the Global Slavery Index calculated that there were 50,000 agriculturalworkers enslaved in Italy in 2018. It should come as no surprise that through weak regulation andobscure, nebulous networks of distribution, thefruits of this slave labour find their way intolegitimate supply chains.

这一研究项目将调查意大利南部卡拉布里亚地区无证移徙农业劳工的动态，以及这些移徙工人的地位--从他们的生活和工作条件以及在全球农业供应链中--是如何因缺乏证件而得以维持的。意大利和其他地方的移民学者强调，该国的官僚移民制度，通过前后矛盾和难以理解，产生了一支不稳定的劳动力队伍，最好将其视为治国方略的一种功能，而不是发生在国家之外。在这些理论的基础上，这个项目将探索这些制度在实践中是如何谈判的，以及这些谈判和策略告诉我们关于机构和官僚机构的更广泛的人类学比喻。这个项目聚焦于劳工实践、临时营地、政策(官方和非官方的、地方和国家的)和‘官僚接触’，将揭示商品生产和劳动力的流动是如何通过缺乏或存在文书来维持的。研究问题：农业对意大利的经济表现至关重要；2018年农产品占意大利国内生产总值的1.9%，该部门的就业人数增加了4.2%，该部门的总投资增长了4.1%(价值)。2010年，意大利43%的土地用于农业，这在当时的欧盟27中是第二大面积；同年，意大利农业劳动力占经济活跃人口的14%。在本研究的基础地区卡拉布里亚，2010年农业劳动力占正规劳动力的8.3%。在这种背景下，外国农业劳动力的重要性怎么说都不为过。例如，意大利农民联盟的一项估计显示，外国劳工在农业部门的比例为36%。这些移民中的许多人将以永久和季节性工作许可证的名义在意大利受雇。然而，当许可证到期时(永久许可证需要每两年更新一次)，相当多的移徙工人选择非法留在该国，而不是返回原籍国，这是很常见的情况。这一过程意味着，许多留下来的人最终来到了许多农业贫民窟中的一个，成熟的开采。因此，全球奴隶制指数计算出，2018年意大利有5万名农业工人被奴役。通过薄弱的监管和模糊的分配网络，奴隶劳动的果实进入真正的供应链，这一点也就不足为奇了。