Neural Substrates of Preschool Psychopathology

学前精神病理学的神经基础

• 批准号: 7145583
• 负责人: BENNETT L LEVENTHAL
• 金额: $ 20.91万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-01 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7145583
• 关键词: anxiety disorders; attention; behavioral /social science research tag; child behavior disorders; child mental disorders; child psychology; clinical research; developmental psychology; diagnosis design /evaluation; early diagnosis; emotional adjustment; human subject; interdisciplinary collaboration; interview; mental disorder diagnosis; neuropsychology; preschool child (1-5); psychological models; psychological tests; psychopathology

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application seeks support for an R21 Translational Research Network designed to integrate human developmental neuroscience with basic developmental and child clinical research to generate heuristic models and testable hypotheses about preschool psychopathology and its neural substrates. Early childhood provides a particularly useful starting point for the delineation of relevant phenotypes and a nosology informed by neuroscience and developmental theory. This is because neural, psychological and behavioral processes converge during this developmental period to create the potential for self-regulation. Recent methodologic advances in neuroscience and developmentally-informed clinical research now make it possible to characterize clinical problems in young children and their underlying pathophysiology. However, substantial intellectual and methodologic effort is required to combine these heretofore disparate lines of research. To this end, the specific aims of the Network are to (I) Create an intellectual environment in which neuroscientists join with development and clinical scientists to develop integrated conceptual models of the phenotypes and endophenotypes of anxiety and disruptive behavior in young children. In particular, Network discourse will focus on (a) distinguishing normative variations in temperament from clinical levels of anxious and disruptive behavior and, (b) delineating the role of perturbations in the emotion-attention interface as a key substrate of these emerging clinical problems and, (II) Conduct collaborative studies to provide an empirical foundation for a translational research agenda for the study of preschool psychopathology. Pilot activities will include (a) exploring Network questions within existing preschool samples of the Network and, (b) developing and piloting an integrated assessment battery that assesses key processes at multiple levels, from neural to contextual, with a small sample (N=60) of clinically-referred, temperamentally- and clinically at- risk and typically-developing preschool children. The intellectual and empirical activities of the Network are designed to serve as the foundation for a multi-site Translational Research Center in Behavioral Sciences that examines preschool psychopathology and its substrates.

描述(由申请人提供)：本申请寻求对R21翻译研究网络的支持，该网络旨在将人类发育神经科学与基础发展和儿童临床研究相结合，以生成关于学龄前精神病理学及其神经基础的启发式模型和可测试的假设。幼儿期为描述相关表型提供了一个特别有用的起点，并为神经科学和发展理论提供了一种病因学。这是因为神经、心理和行为过程在这一发育阶段汇聚在一起，创造了自我调节的潜力。神经科学和了解发育的临床研究的最新方法论进步现在使描述幼儿的临床问题及其潜在的病理生理学成为可能。然而，要将这些迄今截然不同的研究路线结合起来，需要大量的智力和方法论努力。为此，该网络的具体目标是：(I)创造一个智力环境，在这个环境中，神经科学家与发育和临床科学家合作，开发幼儿焦虑和破坏性行为的表型和内在表型的综合概念模型。特别是，网络话语将侧重于(A)从焦虑和破坏性行为的临床水平区分气质的标准变化，以及(B)描述情绪-注意接口中的扰动作为这些新出现的临床问题的关键底物的作用，以及(Ii)开展合作研究，为学龄前精神病理学研究的翻译研究议程提供经验基础。试点活动将包括：(A)探索该网络现有学龄前样本中的网络问题；(B)开发和试行一个综合评估小组，评估从神经到背景的多个层面的关键过程，包括临床转诊的、情绪上有风险的和典型发育的学龄前儿童的小样本(N=60)。该网络的智力和经验活动旨在作为行为科学多地点翻译研究中心的基础，该中心审查学龄前精神病理学及其底物。