Early Modern Architectural Imaginations, 1590-1630

从天堂般的新耶路撒冷到虚拟宇宙，人们试图在建筑空间中整理混乱的理想、想法和记忆。我的哲学博士研究了16世纪末和17世纪初建筑的命题价值，探索了建筑物被赋予以类似于语言的方式表达思想的能力，以及文学文本的建筑品质。早期的现代传教士，如兰斯洛特·安德鲁斯和约翰·多恩，在这方面特别有帮助，因为布道和建筑环境之间存在复杂的关系。对于早期现代的传教士来说，文本的严谨和某种程度上的公式化结构反映了教堂的严谨和公式化的建筑。罗伯特·伯顿（Robert Burton）的《忧郁的解剖》（Anatomy of Melancholy）也从建筑学的角度进行了组织，每个分区都有示意图，无尽的细分，并预先警告进入这些区域是危险的。埃莉诺·维卡里和玛丽·安隆德都为伯顿的田园牧歌和传教士的品质辩护，这自然使他与安德鲁斯和多恩交谈。然而，我不同意维卡里对《伯顿》中建筑的驳斥，认为它主要是“与其他主题无关”，因为在《伯顿》中，有多少重要的东西可能是偶然的。这个问题对弗朗西斯培根同样重要，他经常使用建筑隐喻来扩展知识的范围。尼古拉斯·韦斯特（Nicholas West）认为培根的父亲将家庭住宅设计成一个空间文本，而保拉·亨德森（Paula Henderson）和迈克尔·巴斯（Michael Bath）则描述了培根对建筑的实际兴趣。我将通过论证培根的家庭塑造了他的知识驯化的形象来发展这部作品。这种物理空间与宗教和科学知识的想象性表现之间的循环交换将成为我研究的中心问题，导致我的第二个问题：作者在家庭，机构和宗教生活中的纠缠如何影响他们的作品？我的研究建立在莉娜·奥林（Lena Orlin）最近在《都铎王朝伦敦的隐私定位》（Locating Privacy in Tudor）一书中对早期现代私人生活的研究基础上，将这种对伦敦空间性的关注与当时一些最杰出的知识分子人物联系起来。安德鲁斯和伯顿大部分时间都在大学里度过，机构设置，而培根和（当他成为主教）安德鲁斯是重要家庭的负责人。我将考察每位作家如何塑造和驾驭他们的家庭、制度和宗教空间，以及这如何影响他们的写作。第三，我将讨论如何将这些人物置于更广泛的理论框架中，即关于隐私、世俗化以及知识和权力的空间，同时又不忽视他们的文学和历史特殊性。在罗伯特·埃文斯的理论历史方法的基础上，我将质疑伯顿、培根、多恩和安德鲁斯如何符合和破坏米歇尔·福柯和查尔斯·泰勒关于知识、权力和道德自我的空间性的（非常不同的）叙述。通过持续关注建筑如何塑造自我，我的研究有助于当今关于开放式设计背景下的身份认同的对话，这种设计试图消除早期现代性中引入的分区，但在某些方面加强了它们。我将使用博德利安的伯顿档案，Trinity学院剑桥的培根档案和彭布罗克学院剑桥的安德鲁斯私人图书馆，以及大英图书馆的资料。尽可能地，我也将参观每一位作者在建筑上的重要遗址，特别是安德鲁斯和伯顿的教堂和大学，以及培根在戈汉伯里的家的遗迹。这种档案和理论研究的结合适合于一个旨在更好地理解理论思想如何在物质现实中形成和表达的项目。

From the heavenly New Jerusalem to the Metaverse, people have attempted to order the ideals, ideas and memories which clutter the mind in architectural space. My DPhil examines the propositional value of architecture in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, exploring the extent to which buildings were granted the capacity to express ideas in a way analogous to language, as well as the architectural qualities of literary texts. Early modern preachers such as Lancelot Andrewes and John Donne are particularly helpful for this, given the complex relationship between a sermon and its architectural setting. For the early modern preacher, the careful and to some extent formulaic structuring of a text mirrors the careful, formulaic construction of a church.Robert Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy is also organised architecturally, with diagrammatic maps at each partition, endless subdivisions, and forewarnings that sections are dangerous to enter. Eleanor Vicari and Mary Ann Lund both argue for Burton's pastoral, preacherly qualities in ways which naturally bring him into conversation with Andrewes and Donne. I would, however, dispute Vicari's dismissal of architecture in Burton as mostly "incidental to some other topic", given how much of what is important in Burton can appear incidental.This question is equally important for Francis Bacon, who often used architectural metaphors for his project of expanding the bounds of knowledge. Nicholas West argues that Bacon's father designed the family home as a spatial text, while Paula Henderson and Michael Bath describe Bacon's practical interest in architecture. I will develop this work by arguing that his family home shaped Bacon's images for the domestication of knowledge.This circular interchange between physical space and the imaginative representation of knowledge, both religious and scientific, would be a central concern of my research, leading to my second question: how did the authors' enmeshment in domestic, institutional and religious life influence their work? My research builds on the work on early modern private lives pursued recently by Lena Orlin in Locating Privacy in Tudor London, bringing this focus on quotidian spatiality to bear on some of the most prominent intellectual figures of the time. Andrewes and Burton spent most of their lives in collegiate, institutional settings, while Bacon and (when he became a bishop) Andrewes were the heads of important households. I will examine how each writer shaped and navigated their domestic, institutional and religious spaces, and how this affected their writing.Third, I will address how these figures can be placed in wider theoretical frameworks about privacy, secularisation and the spaces of knowledge and power, without losing sight of their literary and historical particularity. Expanding on Robert Evans' theoretical-historical approach, I will question how Burton, Bacon, Donne and Andrewes conform to and disrupt the (very different) narratives about the spatiality of knowledge, power and moral selfhood told by Michel Foucault and Charles Taylor. By giving sustained attention to how buildings shape the self, my research contributes to present-day conversations about identity in the context of open-plan designs which attempt to do away with the partitions introduced in early modernity but in some ways reinforce them.I will use the Burton archives at the Bodleian, the Bacon archives at Trinity College Cambridge and Andrewes' private library in Pembroke College Cambridge, as well as material in British Library. As far as possible, I will also visit architecturally significant sites for each author, especially Andrewes' and Burton's churches and colleges, and the remains of Bacon's home at Gorhambury. This combination of archival and theoretical research is appropriate to a project which seeks to better understand how theoretical ideas are shaped by and expressed in material reality.