Interpersonal Perceptions and the Placebo/Nocebo Effect

人际感知和安慰剂/反安慰剂效应

• 批准号: 7012815
• 负责人: CAROL J NEMEROFF
• 金额: $ 21.61万
• 依托单位: ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-02-01 至 2008-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7012815
• 关键词: adult human (21+); alternative medicine; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral medicine; biomarker; clinical research; communicable disease transmission; emotions; expectancy; health; health behavior; human subject; immunoglobulin A; locus of control; perception; placebos; psychological stressor; psychoneuroimmunology; psychophysiology; psychosomatic disorders; respiratory infections; sign /symptom; social psychology; stress; virus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research investigates nocebo and placebo responses in relation to contagion via a bogus cold viral challenge paradigm. Positive effects of pharmacologically inert compounds, termed "placebo effects," have long been recognized. The inverse result, dubbed "nocebo," is when inert compounds evoke negative health consequences. There has been relatively little exploration thus far of how placebos/nocebos work in terms of mediating mechanisms or moderating factors. The proposed exploratory research will investigate whether "magical contagion beliefs" about the source of a cold virus can produce measurable effects on perceived symptoms, and mediators and moderators of those effects. In a modified version of the viral cold challenge paradigm, the proposed protocol applies psychological and physiological measures to assess participants' responses to exposure to biologically inert substances (saline nose drops) after they have been led to believe the substances are viral preparations from one of three sources: a morally neutral source (a virus pool), a positive interpersonal source, and a negative interpersonal source. The key question is whether participants will experience more (and/or more severe) perceived symptoms if the source was negative, and less (and/or less severe) perceived symptoms if the source was positive? Also of interest is whether a marker of nonspecific immunity, slgA, follows the same pattern as perceptions. It is important to note that both directions of effect are of interest - whether negative beliefs compromise perceived health and actual immune function (nocebo) as well as whether positive beliefs bolster perceived and actual resistance (placebo), relative to a neutral condition. Finally, the role of potential mediating factors such as mood, stress (as measured by cortisol), and specific magical contagion-related cognitions, and of potential moderating factors, such as background levels of psychological stress (daily hassles), health locus of control and rational-experiential response style, will be assessed as they influence susceptibility to placebo/nocebo effects. Repeated measures of perceived symptoms, mood, hassles, slgA, and cortisol, as well as open-ended and checklist tracking of specific cognitions and remedial behaviors, over a four day period, will allow assessment of how the various processes play out over time to produce effects. In sum, this research aims to identify cognitive factors that either promote or diminish disease perception and objective susceptibility, in context of a bogus viral challenge paradigm.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究调查了Nocebo和安慰剂的反应，以通过伪造的冷病毒挑战范式与传染有关。长期以来，已识别出药理惰性化合物的积极作用，称为“安慰剂作用”。被称为“ Nocebo”的逆结果是惰性化合物引起负面影响。到目前为止，在介导机制或调节因素方面，安慰剂/Nocebos的工作方式相对较少。拟议的探索性研究将调查有关冷病毒来源的“魔法传染信念”是否会对感知的症状产生可衡量的影响，以及这些影响的介体和主持人。在改良的病毒冷挑战范式的修改版本中，该提议的方案采用心理和生理措施来评估参与者对暴露于生物学上惰性物质（盐水鼻子下降）的反应，因为它们被认为这些物质是从三个来源的病毒制备中的病毒制备：一种道德中性的源（病毒池（病毒池），阳性核对源和源代码介绍了一个源代码，并介绍了一个介绍者和一个介绍者。关键问题是，如果来源为阴性，并且如果来源为正面，参与者是否会经历更多（和/或更严重的）症状，如果来源是阳性的（和/或更严重的）症状？有趣的是，非特异性免疫力SLGA的标记是否遵循与感知相同的模式。重要的是要注意，这两个效应方向都是感兴趣的 - 负面信念是否会损害感知到的健康和实际免疫功能（NOCEBO），以及相对于中性条件，积极信念是否会增强感知和实际抗药性（安慰剂）。最后，潜在的介导因子，例如情绪，压力（通过皮质醇来衡量），特定的魔法传染相关认知以及潜在的调节因素，例如心理压力的背景水平（每日麻烦），控制的健康基因座位和理性 - 经常性响应样式，将对地位/诺斯博（Nocebo）效应进行评估。在四天的时间内，重复测量了感知的症状，情绪，麻烦，SLGA和皮质醇，以及对特定认知和补救行为的开放式和清单跟踪，将允许评估各种过程如何随着时间的流逝而发挥作用。总而言之，这项研究旨在确定在虚假病毒挑战范式的背景下，促进或减少疾病感知和客观敏感性的认知因素。