Idealising Labour from Deloney to Milton

对于早期现代时期的许多思想家来说，资本主义、官僚主义和日益机械化的工业的出现，引发了人们如何在根本性变化的背景下在工作中找到尊严、安全感和价值的问题。从乡村到作为劳动力中心的城市，从工会到个体企业的转变越来越多，这不仅带来了对什么是工作的质疑，也带来了对工作应该是什么的质疑。我的项目将通过追踪15世纪90年代至17世纪60年代之间四个文学案例研究中对理想化劳动的各种想象--历史、神学、伦理-政治--来解决这个问题。我用‘理想化劳动’这个词来描述作家如何理想化工作，而是描述他们如何利用富有想象力的文学作品来探索什么可能是工作。我的论文将是对这一时期这种想象的第一次详细的、全面的研究。我将用一系列相关的问题来处理我的主要课文：理想的工作场所是如何想象的？正在进行哪些类型的工作？理想化的劳动是否表现在个人、特定性别、家庭、社区或国家？劳动者个人如何适应更广泛的社会经济企业？关于劳动分工，文本是怎么说的？技术和自动化对工作有何影响？文中对工作和技术的乐观和悲观在哪里？哪里有工作中的骄傲、尊严和满足感？

For many thinkers in the early modern period, the emergence of capitalism, bureaucracy, and increasingly mechanised industry prompted questions about how people were to find dignity, security, and value in work in the light of radical change. The growing shift from the country to the city as the centre of labour, and from the guilds to individual enterprise, brought with it an interrogation not just of what work is, but of what work should be.My project will address this question by tracing various imaginings of idealised labour - historical, theological, ethical-political - across four literary case studies between the 1590s and 1660s. I use the term 'idealised labour' to describe not how writers idealise work, but how they use imaginative literature to explore what workmight be. My thesis will be the first detailed, full-length study of such imaginingsin this period. I will approach my primary texts with a set of related questions: how are ideal workplaces imagined? What types of work are being carried out?Does idealised labour manifest inindividuals, specific genders, families, communities,ornations? How doesthe labouring individual fit within broader socio-economic enterprises?What does the text say about the division of labour? How is technology and automation shown to affect work? Where is the text optimistic and pessimistic about work and technology? Where is there pride, dignity, and satisfaction in work?