Changing Dynamics of Anopheline Transmission of Malaria and Filariasis in Papua n

描述(申请人提供)：目前，人们对以蚊子为基础的疟疾控制的潜力重新产生了兴趣，部署经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐(ITN)现在是联合国千年发展项目、世卫组织的减少疟疾计划和总统的疟疾倡议所阐述的计划的核心特征。虽然这些项目肯定会从以前的经验中获益，但重要的是要承认，这些努力的设计往往基于数据维度，没有捕捉到景观变化、蚊子物种分布或媒介与它们传播的多种病原体的相互作用。这导致我们得出一个总体假设，即以过于笼统的景观和生态评估为指导的控制战略将不会对所有嗜人蚊子物种产生足够的效果，也无法减轻高危地区的疟疾负担。对于这个传染病生态学(EID)项目，我们的总体目标是深入了解导致蚊媒寄生虫传播的村庄间风险差异的细微和中等规模的因素，这些因素被同时发生的人为变化和其他当地环境因素所改变。我们的研究设计将对聚集在100平方公里范围内的村庄进行以蚊子为基础的疾病控制分析，这些村庄以复杂的蚊子和蚊媒疾病生态为特征。同时，基于系统的生态模拟将评估人为变化，包括部署ITN和针对特定寄生虫物种的大规模药物管理，将如何影响按蚊媒介生态， 蚊子的分布以及疟疾(疟疾)或班氏淋巴丝虫病(淋巴丝虫病)的长期传播。本项目的具体目标是：1.根据巴新北部四个生态不同地点的植物群落、动物群落和人类群落的潜在景观异质性，评估和绘制马尾松毛虫种群的蚊子丰度和分布。2.在部署经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐的背景下，结合针对寄生虫的大规模药物管理，审查蚊子和人类感染疟原虫物种和班克罗夫蒂的模式的变化。3.通过已建立的福格蒂国际中心全球传染病研究培训方案，促进和加强针对巴布亚新几内亚重大公共卫生问题的传染病生态学培训。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Currently, interest is resurfacing in the potential of mosquito-based malaria control and the deployment of insecticide-treated bednets (ITN) is now a central feature of plans articulated by the United Nation's Millennium Development Project, WHO's Roll Back Malaria program, and the President's Malaria Initiative. While these programs are certain to gain from prior experience, it is important to acknowledge that the design of these efforts is often based on data dimensions that do not capture landscape variation, mosquito species distribution, or vectors' interactions with the multiple pathogens that they transmit. This leads us to an overall hypothesis that control strategies guided by overly generalized landscape and ecological assessments will not be sufficiently effective against all anthropophagic mosquito species, and will fail to reduce the burden of malaria in high-risk areas. For this Ecology of Infectious Disease (EID) project, our overall objective is to provide insight into the fine- and medium-scale factors that contribute to village-by-village risk differences for mosquito-borne parasite transmission, as modified by intercurrent anthropogenic change and other local environmental factors. Our study design will provide analysis of mosquito-based disease control among villages clustered within scales of < 100 km2 in settings characterized by complex mosquito and mosquito-borne disease ecology. Concurrent, systems-based ecological modeling will evaluate how anthropogenic changes, including deployment of ITN and mass drug administration targeting specific parasite species, will influence Anopheline mosquito vector ecology, distribution of mosquitoes, and transmission of Plasmodium species (malaria) or W. bancrofti (lymphatic filariasis) in the long term. Specific Aims of this project are: 1. Evaluate and map the abundance and distribution of mosquitoes belonging to the A. punctulatus group according to underlying landscape heterogeneity of plant, animal, and human communities in four ecologically different sites in northern PNG. 2. Examine the change in patterns of mosquito and human infection with Plasmodium species and with W. bancrofti in the context of deploying insecticide-treated bednets and in conjunction with parasite-specific mass drug administration (MDA). 3. Promote and strengthen training in infectious diseases ecology for significant public health problems in Papua New Guinea through an established Fogarty International Center Global Infectious Diseases Research Training program.