Changing Dynamics of Anopheline Transmission of Malaria and Filariasis in Papua n

项目摘要-目前，对蚊子疟疾的潜在兴趣正在重新浮现 控制和使用经杀虫剂处理过的蚊帐现在已成为各项计划的中心内容 联合国千年发展计划、世卫组织击退疟疾计划和 总统疟疾倡议。虽然这些计划肯定会从以前的经验中获益，但重要的是 承认这些工作的设计往往基于数据维度， 景观变化、蚊子物种分布或病媒与多种病原体的相互作用， 他们传输。这使我们得出一个总体假设，即过度概括的控制策略 景观和生态评估不足以有效地对付所有食虫蚊子 这将导致疟疾在高风险地区的蔓延，并将无法减轻疟疾在高风险地区的负担。对于这种传染性的生态学 疾病（EID）项目，我们的总体目标是提供深入了解精细和中等规模的因素， 有助于村与村之间蚊媒寄生虫传播的风险差异， 同时发生的人为变化和其他当地环境因素。我们的研究设计将提供 100 km 2以内村庄蚊媒疾病控制分析 蚊媒及蚊媒疾病生态复杂。并发、基于系统 生态模拟将评估人为变化，包括ITN和大规模药物的部署， 针对特定寄生虫物种的给药将影响按蚊媒介生态学， 蚊子的分布，以及疟原虫（疟疾）或W.班氏淋巴管 长期以来，？ 该项目的具体目标是： 1.评估并绘制属于A.点状群 根据四个地区植物、动物和人类群落的潜在景观异质性， 巴布亚新几内亚北方生态环境不同的地点。 2.检查蚊子和人类感染疟原虫和W. bancrofti在部署经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐方面， 大规模给药（MDA）。 3. * 促进和加强传染病生态学方面的培训，以解决下列重大公共卫生问题： 巴布亚新几内亚通过已建立的福格蒂国际中心全球传染病 研究培训计划。

Project Summary - Currently, interest is resurfacing in the potential of mosquito-based malaria control and the deployment of insecticide-treated bednets (ITN) is now a central feature of plans articulated by the United Nation's Millennium Development Project, WHO's Roll Back Malaria program, and the President's Malaria Initiative. While these programs are certain to gain from prior experience, it is important to acknowledge that the design of these efforts is often based on data dimensions that do not capture landscape variation, mosquito species distribution, or vectors' interactions with the multiple pathogens that they transmit. This leads us to an overall hypothesis that control strategies guided by overly generalized landscape and ecological assessments will not be sufficiently effective against all anthropophagic mosquito species, and will fail to reduce the burden of malaria in high-risk areas. For this Ecology of Infectious Disease (EID) project, our overall objective is to provide insight into the fine- and medium-scale factors that contribute to village-by-village risk differences for mosquito-borne parasite transmission, as modified by intercurrent anthropogenic change and other local environmental factors. Our study design will provide analysis of mosquito-based disease control among villages clustered within scales of < 100 km2 in settings characterized by complex mosquito and mosquito-borne disease ecology. Concurrent, systems-based ecological modeling will evaluate how anthropogenic changes, including deployment of ITN and mass drug administration targeting specific parasite species, will influence Anopheline mosquito vector ecology, distribution of mosquitoes, and transmissionof Plasmodium species (malaria) or W. bancrofti (lymphatic filariasis) in the long term. Specific Aims of this project are: 1. Evaluate and map the abundance and distribution of mosquitoes belonging to the A. punctulatus group according to underlying landscape heterogeneity of plant, animal, and human communities in four ecologically different sites in northern PNG. 2. Examine the change in patterns of mosquito and human infection with Plasmodium species and with W. bancrofti in the context of deploying insecticide-treated bednets and in conjunction with parasite-specific mass drug administration (MDA). 3. Promote and strengthen training in infectious diseases ecology for significant public health problems in Papua New Guinea through an established Fogarty International Center Global Infectious Diseases Research Training Program.