Rural Labour Markets: Local Multipliers and Agglomeration Spillovers

发达国家25%的人口生活在农村地区，然而，近几十年来，社会科学家主要关注城市。因此，关于农村地区的文献有限。虽然最近的研究表明，农村地区的就业增长存在很大差异，但这些地区劳动力市场动态的驱动因素仍不清楚。我的研究建议旨在研究当地乘数和聚集溢出效应在农村劳动力市场，使用数据为意大利。当地乘数可以定义为在特定类型的经济活动存在的情况下，当地经济所获得的额外经济利益。例如，如果一个地区创造了一个新的就业机会，当地经济就会从公司支出和工人支出的增加中受益。因此，乘数效应导致当地其他行业也受益。集聚溢出效应被定义为企业和人员在特定地理区域内相互靠近所带来的好处。在存在集聚溢出效应的情况下，农村地区可以分享中间投入生产者和劳动力库，从而降低生产成本和搬迁成本。此外，由于知识共享和技能匹配的改善，公司可以以更低的成本和更高的利润体验更高的创新（O'Sullivan，第9版）。在我的研究的第一链，我将研究当地乘数效应农村劳动力市场利用需求冲击的食品和饮料制造业。在第二部分，我将研究集聚溢出。我的研究设计利用中小企业和手工作坊的冲击。我将使用一个相反的过程相比，文献，这往往利用公司进入。我将调查当地劳动力市场的影响，企业的破坏，以探讨在何种程度上去聚集溢出影响我们的市场，并导致生产率下降，成本增加，在地方一级。这些发现将为政府和政策制定者提供有关周边地区劳动力市场动态驱动因素的信息，并有助于解决我们知识中的一个重要空白。

Twenty-five percent of the population in developed countries, lives in rural areas.However, social scientists have largely focused on cities in recent decades. As a result, thereis a limited literature on rural areas. Although recent research documents large differences inemployment growth across rural areas, the drivers of labour market dynamics in these areasare still unclear. My research proposal aims to study local multipliers and agglomerationspillovers in rural labour markets, using data for Italy. Local multipliers can be defined as theadditional economic benefit that accrue to the local economy in the presence of a particulartype of economic activity. For example, if a new job is created in an area, the local economybenefits from an increase in both the spending of the firm and the spending of workers. As aresult, the multiplier effect leads to other local industries to benefit as well. Agglomerationspillovers are defined as the benefits that come when firms and people locate near oneanother together in a given geographic area. In the presence of agglomeration spillovers,rural areas can share intermediate input producer and labour pool, with a resulting decreasein cost of productions and relocation costs. Also, thanks to shared knowledge and improvedskills matching, firms experience higher innovation with lower costs and higher profits(O'Sullivan, 9th Edition). In the first strand of my research, I will study local multiplier effectsin rural labour market exploiting demand shocks for the manufacturing of food and beverageindustry. In the second strand, I will study agglomeration spillovers. My research designexploits shocks to SMEs and artisanal workshops. I will use an inverse process compared tothe literature, that tends to exploit firm entry. I will investigate the local labour market effectof firm destruction to explore the extent to which de-agglomeration spillovers affect thelabour market and lead to decrease in productivity and increase in costs at local level. Thefindings will inform governments and policy makers about drivers of labour market dynamicsin peripheral areas and help to address an important gap in our knowledge.