Effect of Urban Form on Exercise and BMI in Black Women

城市形态对黑人女性运动和体重指数的影响

• 批准号: 7096923
• 负责人: Patricia F Coogan
• 金额: $ 27.47万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-01 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7096923
• 关键词: African American; academic achievement; adult human (21+); age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; body composition; body physical activity; clinical research; exercise; female; geographic difference; human data; human ecology; longitudinal human study; obesity; questionnaires; statistics /biometry; urban area; women' s health

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): It is increasingly recognized that sedentariness and obesity are not solely individual problems but are responses to an environment that makes it difficult to be active and maintain a healthy weight. We will use data from the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a large prospective study of African-American women, to address the hypothesis that the neighborhood "pedestrian environment" (urban form, comprising such factors as street layout and presence of sidewalks) influences levels of physical activity and body mass index (BMI), independent of individual level factors and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). The study will focus on three cities (New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago) chosen because each contains a range of neighborhood types, approximately 13,000 BWHS participants live there, and detailed data on urban form are available. An expert in transportation and urban planning will compile data about the pedestrian environment at the neighborhood scale for the 3 cities, including nature and density of land use, proximity to parks, presence of sidewalks, speed and volume of traffic, and street structure. These data will be linked to the geocoded residential addresses of BWHS participants. We will also link U.S. Census data on SES to the participants' addresses. We will use factor analysis to identify a set of variables describing the neighborhood pedestrian environment that contribute complementary but not redundant information. Using multi-level longitudinal regression techniques, we will assess the influence of the pedestrian environment on levels of utilitarian walking, walking for exercise, vigorous activity, sedentariness, moderate activity, BMI, and change in weight, controlling for personal factors and neighborhood SES. We will also assess if an effect of urban form on BMI is mediated through physical activity. The proposed study, the first examination of the influence of urban form on BMI and physical activity in African-American women, is an innovative merging of techniques from the fields of transportation research and epidemiology. BWHS participants in the study cities live in a range of neighborhoods, have a wide range of physical activity levels, and have a wide range of BMI levels, including appreciable numbers of women who are obese. In view of the high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in African-American women, elucidation of the role of urban form on physical activity and BMI in this group is of public health importance. Societal level change may be necessary to stem the obesity epidemic, given the failure of interventions at the individual level. To make the case for policy change at the societal level, compelling evidence about the impact of the environment on physical activity and obesity is needed. The proposed study has the potential to provide such evidence and to impact policy in the domains of both transportation/urban planning and public health.

描述(申请人提供)：越来越多的人认识到，久坐和肥胖不仅仅是个人问题，而是对环境的反应，这种环境使人难以活跃并保持健康的体重。我们将使用黑人女性健康研究(BWHS)的数据，这是一项针对非裔美国女性的大型前瞻性研究，以解决这样的假设，即社区的“步行环境”(城市形态，包括街道布局和人行道的存在等因素)会影响身体活动水平和身体质量指数(BMI)，独立于个人水平因素和社区的社会经济地位(SES)。这项研究将聚焦于选择的三个城市(纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥)，因为每个城市都包含一系列社区类型，大约有13,000名BWHS参与者居住在那里，并且可以获得关于城市形态的详细数据。一位交通和城市规划专家将汇编这3个城市邻里尺度上的步行环境数据，包括土地利用的性质和密度、公园附近、人行道的存在、交通速度和流量以及街道结构。这些数据将与BWHS参与者的地理编码住宅地址相关联。我们还将把SES上的美国人口普查数据与参与者的地址联系起来。我们将使用因子分析来确定一组描述附近步行环境的变量，这些变量提供补充而不是多余的信息。 使用多水平纵向回归技术，在控制个人因素和社区SES的情况下，评估步行环境对功利步行、运动步行、剧烈活动、稳重、适度活动、BMI和体重变化的影响。我们还将评估城市形态对BMI的影响是否通过体力活动来调节。这项拟议的研究是首次研究城市形态对非裔美国女性BMI和体力活动的影响，是交通研究和流行病学领域技术的创新融合。研究城市的BWHS参与者居住在不同的社区，有不同的体力活动水平，有不同的BMI水平，包括相当数量的肥胖女性。鉴于非裔美国女性肥胖和缺乏体力活动的高发生率，阐明城市形态对这一群体的体力活动和BMI的作用具有公共卫生意义。鉴于个人层面的干预措施失败，社会层面的改变可能是遏制肥胖症流行所必需的。为了在社会层面上提出政策改变的理由，需要令人信服的证据来证明环境对身体活动和肥胖的影响。拟议的研究有可能提供这样的证据，并对交通/城市规划和公共卫生领域的政策产生影响。