The Influence of School Start Time on Sleep, Academic Achievement, and Behavioral Outcomes in Adolescents

上学时间对青少年睡眠、学业成绩和行为结果的影响

• 批准号: 10321958
• 负责人: Rachel Widome
• 金额: $ 11.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10321958
• 关键词: 16 year old; Absenteeism; Academic achievement; Address; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; American; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biology; Caffeine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Chronic Disease; Circadian Rhythms; Communities; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Development; Disadvantaged; Education; Effectiveness; Evaluation; Foundations; Funding; Goals; Grant; Health; Health Promotion; Hour; Individual; Intake; Intervention; Link; Literature; Measures; Melatonin; Minnesota; Mission; Modification; Morbidity - disease rate; Natural experiment; Neurobiology; Pattern; Performance; Personal Satisfaction; Policies; Population; Positioning Attribute; Puberty; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Reduction; Sampling; Schedule; Schools; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Societies; Standardization; Students; Surveys; Teenagers; Testing; Time; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Vulnerable Populations; Weight; Youth; adequate sleep; behavior change; behavioral outcome; cardiovascular disorder risk; cardiovascular risk factor; cohort; design; disability; disorder risk; eleventh grade; expectation; falls; follow-up; girls; high school; improved; learning ability; mortality; ninth grade; novel; poor sleep; programs; recruit; secondary analysis; sleep quality; success; tv watching

PROJECT SUMMARY Although the National Sleep Foundation recommends 8.5 to 9.25 hours of sleep per night for adolescents, more than half of US 16-year-olds regularly get less than seven hours; further, girls and disadvantaged youth are at even greater risk for short sleep duration. “Sleep debt” has consequences that extend far beyond hampering day-to-day functioning as it is deleterious to multiple areas health and wellbeing. While a variety of forces such as screen time, homework expectations, and other factors can be implicated in stymying American teenagers’ sleep, studies have revealed that early high school start times, which are asynchronous with adolescent biology, are one of the most significant obstacles to youth being able to net sufficient sleep. When children begin puberty, circadian rhythms shift such that melatonin is secreted later in the evening making it difficult to fall asleep before 11pm. This neurobiological change means that adolescents who attend “early-start” (prior to 8:30am) high schools, even those who strive for an early bedtime, will struggle to get sufficient sleep. Natural experiments have clearly shown that later school starts allow adolescents a greater opportunity to accumulate adequate sleep, but unfortunately most US schools start before 8:30am. We hypothesize that the benefits of later high school start times may extend to promoting school success, which in turn could have numerous long- term benefits as low educational attainment is a profound contributor to population-level morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). We propose secondary analyses of data from the START study (R01 HD088176). START is an existing cohort designed to evaluate the impact of a natural experiment in school schedule modification on weight and weight-related behavior change over time. At baseline (Spring 2016), START recruited ninth grade students from five Minnesota high schools with early start times (7:30 or 7:45am). In the second and third years of the study (school years 2016/17 and 2017/18), two of the five schools had delayed their start time by 50 or 55 minutes while three remained at 7:30am. Surveys on the full sample (n = 2,422) and an object sleep measures subsample (n = 455) were collected annually. After planned START data collection was completed, we obtained additional data from schools on student academic achievement and behaviors that was individually linkable to START data. Our specific aims are: 1) Identify the impact of high school start time on school performance and behaviors over time. 2) Determine how objectively measured features of sleep (duration, timing, and quality) relate to school performance and behaviors over time. The products of this line of research have potential for public health impact because they will characterize associations between sleep policy and school success. It may also provide evidence for whether certain school schedules might amplify student performance and wellbeing in ways that could reduce long-term cardiovascular risk. If effective, later school start times, a policy that is deployable in a wide range of communities across the US, could enhance the health-promoting effectiveness of education.

项目摘要 尽管国家睡眠基金会建议青少年每晚8.5至9.25小时的睡眠 超过一半的16岁儿童经常少于七个小时；此外，女孩和弱势青年 短时间睡眠持续时间的风险更大。 “睡眠甲板”的后果远远超出了阻碍 日常运作，因为它被删除到多个领域的健康和福祉。而各种力量 作为屏幕时间，可以在阻碍美国青少年的情况下实施家庭作业的期望和其他因素 睡眠，研究表明，早期的高中开始时间，与青少年生物学异步， 是年轻人能够净足够睡眠的最重要障碍之一。当孩子开始时 青春期，昼夜节律的转变，使褪黑激素在傍晚被分泌，使很难跌倒 晚上11点之前入睡。这种神经生物学的变化意味着参加“早期开始”的青少年 上午8:30）高中，即使是那些为早期就寝时间而努力的人，也将难以获得足够的睡眠。自然的 实验清楚地表明，后来的学校开始使青少年有更多的机会积累 足够的睡眠，但不幸的是，大多数美国学校都在上午8:30之前开始。我们假设 后来的高中开始时间可能会扩展到促进学校的成功，这反过来可能有许多长期 根据低教育成就，期限的福利是人口水平发病率和 心血管疾病（CVD）的死亡率。我们提出了从开始研究的数据进行辅助分析 （R01 HD088176）。 Start是现有的队列，旨在评估自然实验在 随着时间的流逝，学校时间表修改体重和体重相关行为的变化。基线（春季） 2016年），来自明尼苏达州五所高中的九年级学生，有早期的开始时间（7:30或 上午7:45）。在研究的第二年和第三年（学年2016/17和2017/18），五所学校中的两家 将他们的开始时间推迟了50或55分钟，而三个时间在上午7:30保留。对完整样本进行调查（n = 2,422）和对象睡眠测量值（n = 455）每年收集。计划开始数据后 收集完成了，我们从学校获得了有关学生学术成就的其他数据和 可以单独链接到启动数据的行为。我们的具体目的是：1）确定高 随着时间的流逝，学校开始学校表现和行为。 2）确定客观测量的方式 随着时间的流逝，睡眠特征（持续时间，时机和质量）与学校表现和行为有关。这 这一研究的产品具有公共卫生影响的潜力，因为它们会表征 睡眠政策与学校成功之间的关联。它也可能提供证据证明某些学校是否 时间表可能会以减少长期的方式扩大学生表现和福祉 心血管风险。如果有效，以后的学校开始时间，可以在各种范围内部署的政策 美国各地的社区可以提高教育的健康效力。