The Influence of School Start Time on Sleep, Academic Achievement, and Behavioral Outcomes in Adolescents

上学时间对青少年睡眠、学业成绩和行为结果的影响

• 批准号: 10321958
• 负责人: Rachel Widome
• 金额: $ 11.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10321958
• 关键词: 16 year old; Absenteeism; Academic achievement; Address; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; American; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biology; Caffeine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Chronic Disease; Circadian Rhythms; Communities; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Development; Disadvantaged; Education; Effectiveness; Evaluation; Foundations; Funding; Goals; Grant; Health; Health Promotion; Hour; Individual; Intake; Intervention; Link; Literature; Measures; Melatonin; Minnesota; Mission; Modification; Morbidity - disease rate; Natural experiment; Neurobiology; Pattern; Performance; Personal Satisfaction; Policies; Population; Positioning Attribute; Puberty; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Reduction; Sampling; Schedule; Schools; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Societies; Standardization; Students; Surveys; Teenagers; Testing; Time; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Vulnerable Populations; Weight; Youth; adequate sleep; behavior change; behavioral outcome; cardiovascular disorder risk; cardiovascular risk factor; cohort; design; disability; disorder risk; eleventh grade; expectation; falls; follow-up; girls; high school; improved; learning ability; mortality; ninth grade; novel; poor sleep; programs; recruit; secondary analysis; sleep quality; success; tv watching

PROJECT SUMMARY Although the National Sleep Foundation recommends 8.5 to 9.25 hours of sleep per night for adolescents, more than half of US 16-year-olds regularly get less than seven hours; further, girls and disadvantaged youth are at even greater risk for short sleep duration. “Sleep debt” has consequences that extend far beyond hampering day-to-day functioning as it is deleterious to multiple areas health and wellbeing. While a variety of forces such as screen time, homework expectations, and other factors can be implicated in stymying American teenagers’ sleep, studies have revealed that early high school start times, which are asynchronous with adolescent biology, are one of the most significant obstacles to youth being able to net sufficient sleep. When children begin puberty, circadian rhythms shift such that melatonin is secreted later in the evening making it difficult to fall asleep before 11pm. This neurobiological change means that adolescents who attend “early-start” (prior to 8:30am) high schools, even those who strive for an early bedtime, will struggle to get sufficient sleep. Natural experiments have clearly shown that later school starts allow adolescents a greater opportunity to accumulate adequate sleep, but unfortunately most US schools start before 8:30am. We hypothesize that the benefits of later high school start times may extend to promoting school success, which in turn could have numerous long- term benefits as low educational attainment is a profound contributor to population-level morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). We propose secondary analyses of data from the START study (R01 HD088176). START is an existing cohort designed to evaluate the impact of a natural experiment in school schedule modification on weight and weight-related behavior change over time. At baseline (Spring 2016), START recruited ninth grade students from five Minnesota high schools with early start times (7:30 or 7:45am). In the second and third years of the study (school years 2016/17 and 2017/18), two of the five schools had delayed their start time by 50 or 55 minutes while three remained at 7:30am. Surveys on the full sample (n = 2,422) and an object sleep measures subsample (n = 455) were collected annually. After planned START data collection was completed, we obtained additional data from schools on student academic achievement and behaviors that was individually linkable to START data. Our specific aims are: 1) Identify the impact of high school start time on school performance and behaviors over time. 2) Determine how objectively measured features of sleep (duration, timing, and quality) relate to school performance and behaviors over time. The products of this line of research have potential for public health impact because they will characterize associations between sleep policy and school success. It may also provide evidence for whether certain school schedules might amplify student performance and wellbeing in ways that could reduce long-term cardiovascular risk. If effective, later school start times, a policy that is deployable in a wide range of communities across the US, could enhance the health-promoting effectiveness of education.

项目摘要 尽管美国国家睡眠基金会建议青少年每晚睡眠时间为8.5至9.25小时， 超过一半的美国16岁青少年经常得到不到7小时;此外，女孩和弱势青年在 睡眠时间短的风险更大。“睡眠债”的后果远远超出了阻碍 日常运作，因为它是有害的多个领域的健康和福祉。虽然各种力量， 因为屏幕时间，家庭作业期望和其他因素可能会阻碍美国青少年的学习。 睡眠，研究表明，早高中开始的时间，这是异步与青少年的生物学， 是年轻人获得充足睡眠的最大障碍之一。当孩子们开始 在青春期，昼夜节律发生变化，使得褪黑激素在晚上分泌得更晚，使其难以下降。 晚上11点前睡觉这种神经生物学的变化意味着参加“早期开始”的青少年（ 上午8点30分）的高中，即使是那些努力早睡的人，也会很难获得充足的睡眠。自然 实验清楚地表明，晚些时候开始上学使青少年有更多的机会积累知识， 睡眠充足，但不幸的是，大多数美国学校在早上8：30之前开始。我们假设， 晚些时候的高中开学时间可能会延长，以促进学校的成功，这反过来又可能有许多长期的- 长期利益，因为教育程度低是人口一级发病率的一个重要因素， 心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率。我们建议对START研究的数据进行二次分析 (R01 HD088176）。START是一个现有的队列，旨在评估自然实验的影响， 学校时间表的修改对体重和与体重相关的行为随时间的变化。基线时（春季 2016年），START从明尼苏达州的五所高中招募了九年级的学生，他们的上课时间很早（7：30或 7：45am）。在研究的第二和第三年（2016/17和2017/18学年），五所学校中有两所 他们的开始时间推迟了50或55分钟，而三个人仍然在早上7点30分。对全部样本的调查（n = 2，422）和对象睡眠测量子样本（n = 455）每年收集一次。计划的START数据后 收集完成后，我们从学校获得了关于学生学业成绩的额外数据， 这些行为被单独记录到START数据中。我们的具体目标是：1）确定高的影响 开学时间对学校表现和行为的影响。2)确定如何客观地衡量 睡眠的特征（持续时间、时间和质量）与随时间的学校表现和行为有关。的 这一系列研究的产品具有潜在的公共卫生影响，因为它们将表征 睡眠政策和学校成绩之间的联系它还可以提供证据，证明某些学校是否 时间表可能会放大学生的表现和福祉的方式，可以减少长期 心血管风险。如果有效，推迟学校开学时间，这一政策可在广泛的 美国各地的社区，可以提高健康促进教育的有效性。