The Effects of Climate-Related Stressors on Social Behaviour in Fish

气候相关压力源对鱼类社会行为的影响

• 批准号: 2766011
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2766011
• 关键词: Effects; Climate; Related; Stressors; Social

Studentship strategic priority area: BiodiversityKeywords: fish, social behaviour, climate change, metabolism, foragingAbstract: Various forms of social behaviour exist throughout the animal Kingdom, with benefits for predator avoidance, foraging, and reproduction. To date, however, we know almost nothing about how anthropogenic environmental disturbance affects group living in animals. Among the most critical threats to aquatic ecosystems are changes in temperature and oxygen availability due to climate change. Still, nearly everything we know about how climate-related stressors affect physiology and behaviour comes from observations of single animals in the absence of any social context. Now is the time to address this knowledge gap, given existing knowledge of environmental effects on single animals, the development of technologies for tracking of groups of animals and the urgent need to predict how populations will respond to climate change. The most immediate effect of climate change is an increase in global surface temperatures of 1.5 to 5.8oC by 2100, with localised consequences being more severe. In ectotherms such as fish, warming increases energy demand by elevating standard metabolic rate. Supervisor Killen's work has shown individuals with an intrinsically high SMR are less social, likely because they prioritise food acquisition and so avoid competition with groupmates. In contrast, individuals with lower energy demand prioritise protection from predators and stay closer to conspecifics. Accordingly, a greater metabolic demand stemming from temperature increase could make individuals less social and reduce cohesion of social groups, possibly affecting group foraging, predator avoidance, social learning, migration and any phenomena dependent on group cohesiveness. The maximum metabolic rate of ectotherms and aerobic scope for oxygen-consuming physiological functions are influenced by temperature, often peaking at a thermal optimum. In general, spontaneous activity in ectotherms increases with temperature but then decreases as they approach their critical thermal maximum, a benchmark for thermal sensitivity at which they experience locomotor impairment. Effects of temperature on these variables could alter which individuals become leaders because individual activity and speed are determinants of leader-follower dynamics. Social niche or placement within hierarchies can also feedback to affect traits such as boldness, which in turn can be linked to metabolism, suggesting social interactions could affect tolerance to thermal stress. To examine these issues, the proposed project will:(1) examine how temperature and hypoxia affect interplay between behaviour of individualanimals and their social group(2) investigate how temperature and hypoxia influence social group functioning during group movements, foraging, and predator avoidance(3) produce a robust movement model of group behaviour that can be applied to a range of environmental conditions and ecological contexts. The project will use fish as a model study system. Fishes are frequently used as model taxa to study collective behaviour in animals, and the effects of environmental stressors on ectotherms. They occupy aquatic habitats across the globe, play key roles as both predators and prey, and display a variety of social behaviours. By adopting innovative empirical and theoretical approaches and combining behaviour and physiology, this project will be the first to examine how thermal shifts and hypoxia brought on by climate change will affect social behaviour.

学生奖学金战略优先领域：生物多样性关键词：鱼，社会行为，气候变化，新陈代谢，foragingAbstract：各种形式的社会行为存在于整个动物王国，与利益的捕食者回避，觅食，和繁殖。然而，到目前为止，我们几乎不知道人为环境干扰如何影响动物的群体生活。对水生生态系统最严重的威胁之一是气候变化造成的温度和氧气供应的变化。尽管如此，我们所知道的关于气候相关压力如何影响生理和行为的几乎所有信息都来自于在没有任何社会背景的情况下对单个动物的观察。现在是解决这一知识差距的时候了，因为环境对单个动物的影响已有知识，动物群体跟踪技术的发展以及预测种群将如何应对气候变化的迫切需要。气候变化最直接的影响是到2100年全球地表温度将上升1.5至5.8摄氏度，局部后果更为严重。在鱼类等外温动物中，变暖通过提高标准代谢率来增加能量需求。基伦的研究表明，具有内在高SMR的个体社交能力较低，可能是因为他们优先考虑食物获取，从而避免与群体成员竞争。相比之下，能量需求较低的个体会优先考虑保护自己免受捕食者的伤害，并与同类保持更近的距离。因此，温度升高引起的更大的代谢需求可能使个体的社会性降低，并降低社会群体的凝聚力，可能影响群体觅食，捕食者回避，社会学习，迁移和任何依赖于群体凝聚力的现象。外温动物的最大代谢速率和耗氧生理功能的有氧范围受温度的影响，通常在热最适时达到峰值。一般来说，外温动物的自发活动随着温度的增加而增加，但当它们接近临界热最大值时，自发活动就会减少，临界热最大值是它们经历运动障碍的热敏感性的基准。温度对这些变量的影响可能会改变哪些人成为领导者，因为个人活动和速度是领导者-追随者动态的决定因素。社会生态位或层次结构中的位置也可以反馈影响大胆等特征，这反过来又与新陈代谢有关，这表明社会互动可能会影响对热应激的耐受性。为了研究这些问题，拟议的项目将：（1）研究温度和缺氧如何影响个体动物及其社会群体行为之间的相互作用（2）研究温度和缺氧如何影响群体运动，觅食和捕食者回避过程中的社会群体功能（3）产生一个强大的群体行为运动模型，可以应用于一系列环境条件和生态背景。该项目将使用鱼类作为模型研究系统。鱼类经常被用作研究动物集体行为的模式类群，以及环境压力对外温动物的影响。它们占据着地球仪的水生栖息地，扮演着捕食者和猎物的关键角色，并表现出各种社会行为。通过采用创新的经验和理论方法，并结合行为和生理学，该项目将是第一个研究气候变化带来的温度变化和缺氧如何影响社会行为的项目。