Figure-ground segregation and self-sitting in infancy

婴儿期的图地分离和自坐

• 批准号: 6976762
• 负责人: LISA M OAKES
• 金额: $ 7.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-12-01 至 2006-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6976762
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; body movement; child behavior; clinical research; cognition; cues; form /pattern perception; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); longitudinal human study; posture; preference; visual perception

Description (provided by applicant): Segregating is essential for and acting the objects in one's figures from grounds effectively perceiving upon environment. Reaching for and grasping objects, navigating a cluttered environment, and accurately perceiving how objects are arranged in depth all depend on the perception of some regions as figure and others as background. Therefore, figure-ground (FG) segregation has implications for normal cognitive and perceptual development in infancy. Despite the importance of FG segregation for infants' cognitive development, no research has directly investigated infants' sensitivity to cues to FG assignment. This is one goal of the proposed work. Cues to FG assignment are perceptual regularities that infants can learn as they perceive and act on the visual world. Another goal of the proposed work is to understand how motor achievements provides new opportunities for infants to learn such regularities. Preliminary findings indicate a relation between the emergence of self-sitting, a motor achievement that has consequences for infants' skilled reaching for objects, and infants' use of symmetry as a cue to FG segregation. The proposed project will further explore this relation by (1) refining the assessment and classification of infants' sitting abilities (Experiment 1), (2) evaluating the relation between self-sitting abilities and infants' use of a different cue to, FG segregation, lower region (Experiment 2), (3) developing a new procedure to directly test the relation between reaching and infants' FG segregation (Experiment 3), and (4) longitudinally assessing both selfsitting and FG segregation abilities to determine the developmental time courses of these two abilities (Experiment 4). The proposed experiments, therefore, will add significantly to our understanding of an aspect of infants' visual perception that has consequences for their abilities to learn about and effectively interact with the environment, and these experiments will provide a deep understanding in the mechanisms that underlie developmental changes in this aspect of infants' visual perception.

描述（由申请人提供）：将人物形象中的物体从有效感知环境的理由中分离出来是必不可少的。触摸和抓取物体，在杂乱的环境中导航，以及准确地感知物体在深度上是如何排列的，这些都依赖于对某些区域作为图形和其他区域作为背景的感知。因此，图形-背景（FG）分离对婴儿正常的认知和知觉发展有影响。尽管FG分离对婴儿的认知发展很重要，但没有研究直接调查婴儿对FG分配线索的敏感性。这是拟议工作的目标之一。FG分配线索是婴儿在对视觉世界进行感知和行动时可以学习的知觉规律。提出的工作的另一个目标是了解运动成就如何为婴儿学习这些规则提供新的机会。初步研究结果表明，自我坐的出现与婴儿使用对称作为FG隔离的线索之间存在关系，这是一种运动成就，对婴儿熟练地伸手拿东西有影响。本项目将通过以下方法进一步探索这一关系：(1)完善婴儿坐能力的评估和分类（实验1）；(2)评估婴儿自我坐能力与使用不同线索、FG隔离、下区域之间的关系（实验2）；(3)开发新的程序直接测试伸手与婴儿FG隔离的关系（实验3）。(4)纵向评估自坐能力和FG分离能力，确定这两种能力的发展时间进程（实验4）。因此，所提出的实验将大大增加我们对婴儿视觉感知的一个方面的理解，这对他们学习环境和有效地与环境互动的能力有影响，这些实验将为婴儿视觉感知这方面发育变化的机制提供深刻的理解。