Nature based solutions to design multifunctional landscapes for people and nature

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Land use changes are a key driver of biodiversity pattern's change with impacts on ecological processes and ecosystem functioning. To address the challenges and consequences driven by land use changes, Nature-based solutions (NbS) are presented as key strategies with benefits to both people and biodiversity. Through the restoration and management of ecological processes, NbS improve the well-functioning of ecosystems and promote multiple Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). However, major knowledge gaps still remain on the effectiveness of NbS and how to best implement and up-scale them. This project aims to understand the socio-ecological outcomes of the implementation of NbS, such as agroforestry systems and rewilding, and their role in promoting multifunctional landscapes. The impact of NbS on ecosystem functioning and on the provisioning of NCP will be assessed over spatio-temporal scales through a combination of remote sensing technology and participatory approaches. By using Mediterranean ecosystems as a case study, this project will evaluate the impacts of NbS on landscape multifunctionality and shed light into key questions related with NbS effectiveness in restoring landscapes from a socio-ecological perspective. Ultimately, the project will contribute with empirical scientific evidence on NbS to support implementation claims on up-scaling restoration plans, land management schemes and policies.