The impact of the British Civil Wars on the experience of disability, 1640-1700

1642年至1651年之间的残酷冲突要求国家适应残疾人口的大量增加，为此需要建立更强大的基础设施来支持残疾退伍军人和平民。我的论文将讨论战后社会如何迎合这些残疾人的需求，残疾人如何为自己辩护，以及其他人如何代表他们的需求。这项研究将评估内战如何改变17世纪身体残疾的经历。这得到了辅助研究问题的支持，包括：残疾退伍军人是如何学会带着残疾在世界上航行的？政府在照顾残障人士方面的策略成效如何？内战带来的变化对残疾平民有什么影响？我们能从内战中关于残疾穷人生活的请愿书中学到什么？为了确定17世纪身体残疾者的经历，本研究将围绕三个主题：贫困、工作和流动性。为了做到这一点，它将使用由内战请愿项目团队数字化的内战请愿以及其他来源。关于贫困的主题，杰弗里·哈德森发现，随着残疾退伍军人年龄的增长，他们要求支持的方式发生了变化。因此，本研究将探讨残障穷人的生存策略，以协商生命周期贫困与残障生活。为了探索工作的主题，本研究将从请愿书的角度来解读残疾如何影响个人参与劳动驱动社会的能力。Daniel Blackie强调，有两类限制工作的残疾：职业性残疾和一般性残疾。这项研究将扩展布莱基的框架，将南北战争时期包括在内。这项研究还将评估个人如何通过流动性的主题使世界更容易接近他们。请愿书经常提到使用行动辅助工具，如木腿、拐杖，甚至马来帮助残疾人在社会中行走。残障史是一个经常被忽视的重要历史学科，这项研究将对研究内战后果和记忆的越来越多的历史学家产生重大影响。尽管如此，这一时期关于残疾的研究很少，也没有专著。因此，我的论文将是这一时期唯一一篇关于残疾人经历的延伸作品。该项目将重新定义我们如何理解17世纪残疾人的经历，这样做将显著推进关于残疾人生活的历史讨论。本研究将采用混合方法。它将主要依靠定性的专题分析；然而，它也将使用定性语言分析和一些定量财务分析来分析不同的养老金支付情况。这些方法的结合将确保本研究尽可能有效地描绘近代早期的残疾，从多个角度接近这一主题，形成一个全面的画面。本研究将残疾的社会模型应用于内战时期的残疾实例。该模型将残疾描述为一种社会建构；残障人士的残疾是由社会特征造成的，如歧视、经济和社会依赖、残疾和失业。通过应用这一模型，本研究将更深入地了解残疾人如何克服他们参与社会所面临的障碍，并在此过程中评估他们遇到的残疾的医学和宗教模式。

The brutal conflict between 1642 and 1651 required the country to adapt to a large rise in its disabled population and in doing so it needed to create a more robust infrastructure to support disabled veterans and civilians. My thesis will address how post-war society catered to the needs of these disabled people, how disabled people advocated for themselves, and how others represented their needs on their behalf.This study will assess how the Civil War changed the experience of physical disability in the seventeenth century. This is supported by subsidiary research questions including: how did disabled veterans learn to navigate the world with their impairment? How effective were government strategies in catering to disabled people? How did changes brought about by the Civil War affect disabled civilians? What can we learn from Civil War petitions about the lives of the disabled poor?To identify the experience of physically disabled individuals in the seventeenth century, this study will focus around three main themes: poverty, work, and mobility. In order to do this, it will use civil war petitions digitised by the Civil War Petitions Project team alongside other sources. Regarding the theme of poverty, Geoffrey Hudson has identified that as disabled veterans grew older, their approach to claiming support changed. Therefore, this study will explore survival strategies of the disabled poor to negotiate life-cycle poverty and life with a disability. In order to explore the theme of work, this study will read against the grain of petitions to identify how disability affected an individual's ability to participate in a labour driven society. Daniel Blackie has highlighted that there were two categories of work-limiting disability: occupational disability and general disability. This research will expand Blackie's framework to include the Civil War period. This study will also assess how individuals worked to make the world more accessible to them through the theme of mobility. Petitions often mention the use of mobility aids such as wooden legs, crutches, and even horses to help disabled individuals navigate society. Disability history is an often overlooked yet significant historical discipline, and this study would make a large impact on a growing community of historians studying the consequences and memory of the Civil Wars. Despite this, there are very few studies on disability in this period and no monograph. As a result, my thesis will be the only extended piece of work on the experiences of disability in this period. The project will redefine how we understand disabled people's experiences during the seventeenth century and in doing so will advance significantly the growing discussion about the lives of disabled people through history.This study will use a mixed methods approach. It will rely primarily on qualitative thematic analysis; however, it will also use qualitative language analysis and some quantitative financial analysis to contextualise different pension payments. Combining these methods will ensure that this research is as effective as possible in its depiction of disability in the early modern period by approaching the topic from multiple angles creating a comprehensive picture. This study will apply the social model of disability to examples of disability in the era of the Civil Wars. This model describes disability as a social construct; that people with impairments are disabled by features of society such as discrimination, economic and social dependence, inaccessibility, and unemployment. By applying this model, this study will gain a greater insight into how disabled individuals navigated the barriers they faced to participate in society and in doing so, it will assess the medical and religious models of disability they encountered.