AI-enhanced ultra-thin optical shape mapping probes for manufacturing and medicine

准确测量物体的内部几何形状对于制造、检验和医学都是至关重要的。应检查其内部结构的制造产品的例子包括发动机部件、组织支架、生物医学植入物和假体以及药物输送装置。在制造中，通常使用X射线计算机断层扫描(CT)检查空心零件，但这可能非常昂贵，特别是在需要高分辨率的情况下，而且规模较小、灵活的制造商无法获得。此外，它通常不能很好地准确检测内部表面纹理[1]，可能仅限于应用于某些材料(例如，它不能与铅一起工作)，并可能使工厂工人暴露在危险的X射线辐射下。在生物医学领域也出现了类似的问题，特别是在结肠镜检查过程中，外科医生正在寻找可疑的癌前生长，称为息肉。息肉有许多不同的形状和大小，从扁平到大而圆。不同的形状可能代表或多或少侵袭性的癌症，使用传统的成像方法很难发现[2]。参考文献[1]A.Thompson、I.Maskery和R.K.Leach，《用于添加剂制造的X射线计算机断层扫描：综述》，《测量科学与技术》，第27卷，第7期，072001页，2016年。D.Ormonde，A.Moss，K.Byth，等人，“在转诊为结肠内窥镜黏膜切除的患者中进行隐性侵袭性癌症的风险分层：一个大型多中心队列”，《胃肠病学》，第153卷，第3期，第732-742页，2017年。[3]M.Visentini-Scarzanella，H.Kawasaki，R.Furukawa，M.A.Bonino，S.Aroll fo，G.L.Secco，A.Arezzo，A.Menciassi，P.Dario和G.Ciuti，《用于胃肠道息肉大小测量的结构光激光探头：初步比较研究》，Endosy International Open，G.L.Secco，A.Arezzo，A.Menciassi，P.Dario和G.Ciuti第6卷，第05期，第页。E602-E609,201

Accurately measuring internal geometries of objects is critical for manufacturing, inspection and medicine. Examples of manufactured products whose internal structure should be inspected includes engine parts, tissue scaffolds, biomedical implants and prosthetics, and drug delivery devices. In manufacturing, hollow parts are typically inspected using X-ray computed tomography (CT) but this can very expensive, particularly if high resolution is required, and is not accessible to smaller, agile manufacturers. Further, it often cannot detect internal surface textures accurate well [1], may be limited to application to certain materials (e.g. it cannot work with lead) and may expose factory workers to dangerous X-ray radiation. A similar problem arises in biomedicine, particularly during colonoscopy procedures where surgeons are look for suspicious pre-cancerous growths, termed polyps. Polyps take many different shapes and sizes from flat to large and round. Different shapes can represent more or less aggressive cancers and be challenging to spot using conventional imaging [2]. Therefore, obtaining 3D information of these could provide important information but requires a shape measurement tool that is ultrathin and flexible enough to fit inside an endoscope [3].References[1] A. Thompson, I. Maskery, and R. K. Leach, "X-ray computed tomography for additive manufacturing: a review," Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 7, p. 072001, 2016.[2] N. G. Burgess, L. F. Hourigan, S. A. Zanati, G. J. Brown, R. Singh, S. J. Williams, S. C. Raftopoulos, D. Ormonde, A. Moss, K. Byth, et al., "Risk stratification for covert invasive cancer among patients referred for colonic endoscopic mucosal resection: a large multicenter cohort," Gastroenterology, vol. 153, no. 3, pp. 732-742, 2017.[3] M. Visentini-Scarzanella, H. Kawasaki, R. Furukawa, M. A. Bonino, S. Arolfo, G. L. Secco, A. Arezzo, A. Menciassi, P. Dario, and G. Ciuti, "A structured light laser probe for gastrointestinal polyp size measurement: a preliminary comparative study," Endoscopy International Open, vol. 6, no. 05, pp. E602-E609, 201