The Cultural Impacts of Animal Advocacy: The Case Study of Bristol, c.1970-Present

该研究项目将分析1970年至今英国动物倡导运动对动物问题的公众概念化的影响。它将这样做的目的是了解社会运动策略如何影响他们在创造这些文化转变的成功。该项目以布里斯托运动的案例研究为重点，将采用定性和定量相结合的方法，首先确定运动中话语框架的出现，然后分析研究期间这些框架在更广泛的社会中出现的程度。英国社会中语言的变化将追溯到运动中的特定运动-通过这样做，将确定每种策略的相对成功。这个项目将填补这一运动的历史知识的重大差距，也将有助于对社会运动的战略如何影响他们的能力，以产生文化changes.The本项目的核心研究问题的理解取得重大进展将是：“如何有策略的英国动物倡导运动影响其能力，以改变文化观念的动物？'.该项目的方法建立在现有分析的基础上，以确保其目标既现实又可实现。虽然学者们已经指出，在社会运动的结果方面，因果关系的绘制比预期的要困难得多，内拉货车戴克和维尔塔泰勒最近提出，确实存在方法，使克服这些困难成为可能。例子包括D 'Anjou的，托马斯Rochon的，和威廉Gamson和安德烈Modigliani的研究。在每一个这些，学者们利用框架的概念，他们的分析，以了解如何一个问题已被理解在抗议运动（或在甘姆森和莫迪利亚尼的情况下，从政治家），然后在公共话语在接下来的几年中传播。本项目将采用这种分析方法来研究动物倡导运动策略的影响。该项目的混合方法赠款其能够“解决研究问题的所有方面”。（洛克耶2006）它将结合联合收割机两种不同的方法，框架分析和定量分析，以了解所传达的意义和他们在更广泛的社会接受的水平。动物运动的分析将主要使用框架分析来衡量它使用的关键语言和框架，以及它们的预期意义。将使用来自运动各个部分的组织和面向公众的来源，来自苏塞克斯郡RSPCA等档案馆，以及这些组织的报纸声明。一旦这些意义得到评估，每个部分将继续确定更广泛的英国社会中动物概念化的变化。为了增加这种分析的有效性，并节省时间，它将开始使用定量技术来突出这种语言变化的关键时刻。确定了这些之后，我们将通过对这篇论述的仔细阅读，来看看这种用法背后的含义是否反映了运动中的含义。这里的关键来源将是报纸记录（包括出版的信件），群众观察记录，理事会讨论，以及通过工党和保守党在曼彻斯特和牛津的档案的政党记录。潜在来源的多样性使该项目有机会辨别不同文化领域之间抗议策略的相对成功;它们也使该项目有机会在不影响其有效性的情况下，适当地调整其时间范围，包括或排除不同的领域。

This research project will analyse the impacts of the British animal advocacy movement on public conceptualisations of animal issues between 1970 and the present. It will do this with the intention of understanding how social movement strategy affects their success at creating these cultural shifts. Focusing on the case-study of Bristol's movement, the project will use a mix of qualitative and quantitative methodologies to first identify the emergence of discursive frames within the movement, and then analyse the extent to which these frames emerged within broader society during the period under study. Changes to language in British society will be traced to particular campaigns in the movement - and by doing this, the relative success of each strategy will be identified. This project will fill significant gaps in knowledge on the history of this movement and will also contribute towards significant advances in understanding how social movement strategy impacts upon their ability to generate cultural change.The core research question of the present project will be: 'How have the strategies of the British animal advocacy movement affected its ability to change cultural perceptions of animals?'. The methodology of this project builds upon those of existing analyses, to ensure that its aims are both realistic and achievable. Although academics have stated that drawing links between cause and effect 'can be much harder than expected where social movement outcomes are concerned,' Nella Van Dyke and Verta Taylor have recently suggested that methodologies do exist which make it possible to overcome these. Examples include D'Anjou's, Thomas Rochon's, and William Gamson and Andre Modigliani's studies. In each of these, scholars utilised the concept of frames for their analysis to understand how an issue has been understood in a protest movement (or in Gamson and Modigliani's case, from politicians) and then propagated in public discourse in the following years. The present project will adapt this analytical process to study the impacts of the animal advocacy movement's tactics.The project's mixed-methods approach grants it the ability to 'address all dimensions of the research question'. (Lockyer 2006) It will combine two different approaches, frame analysis and quantitative analysis, to understand the meanings being conveyed and the level of their reception in broader society.Analysis of the animal movement will predominantly use frame analysis to gauge the key language and frames which it uses, and their intended meanings. Organisational and publicity-oriented sources from each part of the movement will be used, from archives such as the RSPCA's in Sussex, alongside newspaper statements by these organisations. Once these meanings have been assessed, each section will go on to identify changes to conceptualisations of animals in broader British society. To add validity to this analysis, and to save time, it will begin by using quantitative techniques to highlight key moments of change to this language. Having pinpointed these, it will then follow through with close reading of this discourse, to see whether the meanings behind this usage mirrors those within the movement or not. Key sources here will be newspaper records (including published letters), Mass Observation records, council discussions, and political party records through the Labour and Conservative Party's archives in Manchester and Oxford. The variety of potential sources gives the project an opportunity to discern relative successes in protest strategy between different cultural spheres; they also give the project the opportunity to be appropriately scaled for its timeframe without affecting its validity by including or leaving out different spheres.