Novel Structured Surface Coatings for Protection from Chemical, Biological and Radiological Agents

用于防护化学、生物和放射制剂的新型结构化表面涂层

• 批准号: 2880686
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2880686
• 关键词: Novel; Structured; Surface; Coatings; Protection

Chemical warfare has existed since antiquity, however it became recognisable in its current form during World War 1 with the use of chlorine gas as a weapon. With the advent of modern chemistry, the range of substances that could be used as chemical warfare agents has significantly increased. Many of these chemical agents are persistent in the environment and on surfaces as such equipment in contact with chemical weapons (CWs) must be decontaminated. Decontamination and destruction of contaminated surfaces often involves large quantities of caustic liquid reagents such as concentrated sodium hypochlorite1 to hydrolyse the chemicals for safe disposal. Surfaces that can actively decontaminate themselves are of great interest as they could help to control or minimise surface contamination and its spreading. Surface chemistry and structure is well known to affect the behaviour of liquids on the surface with famous examples such as the lotus effect using a hierarchical structure to produce a fluoropolymer free superhydrophobic surface2 Hierarchy has been showed to significantly increase the hydrophobicity of a surface by trapping pockets of air underneath the droplet. Hierarchal surfaces have been created in several ways including lithographically3 or via the combination of different sizes of nano and micro particles, these surfaces are very rough having a large surface to projected surface area ratio. Functional surfaces is an area of intense interest with applications in antifouling, dynamic optical properties, adhesion. The addition of specific reactive chemical functionality on a surface can add additional functionality to surfaces with controlled structure. For example, covalently tethered functional groups have been shown to produce surface with a range of properties including biocidal4. It is thought that the combination of the high surface area and contact angles of hierarchal surfaces and functional moieties that can neutralise chemical weapons would produce a surface that is easy to clean and capable of active decontamination.

化学战自古以来就存在，但在第一次世界大战期间，它以目前的形式被认可，使用氯气作为武器。随着现代化学的出现，可用作化学战剂的物质范围大大增加。这些化学剂中有许多在环境中和表面上具有持久性，因为与化学武器接触的设备必须进行去污。污染表面的去污和销毁通常涉及大量的腐蚀性液体试剂，如浓次氯酸钠1，以水解化学品进行安全处置。能够主动净化自身的表面具有极大的意义，因为它们可以帮助控制或最小化表面污染及其扩散。众所周知，表面化学和结构会影响表面上液体的行为，例如使用分层结构产生不含氟聚合物的超疏水表面的莲花效应2，分层结构已被证明通过在液滴下方捕获空气袋来显着增加表面的疏水性。分级表面已经以几种方式产生，包括平版印刷3或通过不同尺寸的纳米和微米颗粒的组合，这些表面非常粗糙，具有大的表面与投影表面积比。功能表面是一个非常感兴趣的领域，其应用于光学性能、动态光学性能、粘附。在表面上添加特定的反应性化学官能团可以向具有受控结构的表面添加额外的官能团。例如，共价连接的官能团已经显示出产生具有一系列性质的表面，包括生物活性剂4。据认为，分层表面的高表面积和接触角与可以中和化学武器的功能部分的组合将产生易于清洁并且能够主动去污的表面。