Research/Development of Artificial Rentinas for the Blind

盲人人工视网膜的研究/开发

• 批准号: 7289698
• 负责人: Robert Jay Greenberg
• 金额: $ 267.17万
• 依托单位: SECOND SIGHT MEDICAL PRODUCTS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-07-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7289698
• 关键词: Accommodation phosphene; Algorithms; Animal Model; Animal Testing; Animals; Area; Blinded; Canis familiaris; Chronic; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Code; Collaborations; Computer software; Development; Devices; Effectiveness; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Engineering; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Foundations; Funding; Goals; Grant; Head; Head Movements; Human; Image; Implant; Institutes; Institution; Invasive; Learning; Localized; Location; Macular degeneration; Measures; Mechanics; Modeling; Movement; Numbers; Operative Surgical Procedures; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Physicians; Physiologic pulse; Physiology; Positioning Attribute; Prosthesis; Pulse taking; Range; Rattus; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Degeneration; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Safety; Scientist; Series; Surface; System; Technology; Testing; Tissues; Vision; Work; blind; design; human subject; implantable device; multidisciplinary; next generation; novel; patch clamp; programs; prototype; relating to nervous system; research and development; research clinical testing; research study; retinal prosthesis; size; tool; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long term goal of this BRP remains the development of a clinically useful retinal prosthesis for patients blinded by outer retinal degenerations, such as retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration. In the first funding period, we not only completed all our aims, including the creation and long-term animal testing of a fully functional 16 electrode prototype system, but we also successfully implanted six subjects with this device, the world's only active long-term retinal prostheses, in a FDA-approved study. In the next phase of our research, we will: 1. Complete the development of a versatile epiretinal prosthesis (A-60), test its reliability and safety in animals, and implant it in humans. Through a unique pairing of electrophysiological recordings in animal models of retinal degeneration and clinical experiments in human subjects, we will use this device to: 2. Determine electrode array design specifications, compare epiretinal and subretinal configurations, determine electrical stimulation algorithms to maximize spatial resolution and brightness range, and determine the need for eye tracking in a next generation retinal prosthesis. Finally, we will 3. Design, test, and implant in humans a next generation retinal prosthesis to restore useful vision. To accomplish these challenging but attainable goals, this proposal brings together a sophisticated multidisciplinary team including a non-profit foundation (AMF, with 30+ years of implantable device expertise and specialized facilities), three academic institutions (USC for human clinical testing and patch-clamp physiology; Doheny Eye Institute for surgical and large animal studies; and The Salk Institute for multi- electrode physiology) and a private company (Second Sight for engineering research and development, manufacturing, and regulatory). Our continued collaboration with engineers, scientists and physicians will allow us to achieve our goal of providing many blind patients with an important therapy where none currently exists.

描述（由申请人提供）：本BRP的长期目标仍然是开发临床上有用的视网膜假体，用于因外部视网膜变性（如色素性视网膜炎和黄斑变性）而失明的患者。在第一个资助期内，我们不仅完成了所有目标，包括创建和长期动物测试功能齐全的16电极原型系统，而且我们还在FDA批准的研究中成功植入了六名受试者，这是世界上唯一的主动长期视网膜假体。在下一阶段的研究中，我们将：1。完成多功能视网膜前膜假体（A-60）的开发，在动物身上测试其可靠性和安全性，并将其植入人体。通过在视网膜变性动物模型和人类受试者的临床实验中进行独特的电生理记录配对，我们将使用该设备：2。确定电极阵列设计规格，比较视网膜上和视网膜下配置，确定电刺激算法，以最大限度地提高空间分辨率和亮度范围，并确定下一代视网膜假体中眼动跟踪的需求。最后，我们将3。设计、测试并植入人类下一代视网膜假体，以恢复有用的视力。为了实现这些具有挑战性但可以实现的目标，该提案汇集了一个复杂的多学科团队，包括一个非营利基金会（AMF，拥有30多年的植入式器械专业知识和专业设施），三个学术机构（南加州大学用于人类临床测试和膜片钳生理学; Doheny眼科研究所用于手术和大型动物研究;和索尔克研究所的多电极生理学）和一家私营公司（第二视觉的工程研究和开发，制造和监管）。我们与工程师、科学家和医生的持续合作将使我们能够实现我们的目标，即为许多盲人患者提供一种目前还不存在的重要疗法。