How does post-industrial land regeneration contribute to Biodiveristy Net Gain in the UK?

恢复前矿址通常涉及生境的创造，其目的不仅是减少污染物的浓度，而且也是加强生物多样性。已提议恢复生境和抵消以补偿生物多样性的损失，但很少有研究提供成功的经验证据，而且在有效衡量采矿造成的损失和收益方面存在技术挑战。新的程序和政策正在出现，以鼓励和执行有效的保护行动，例如2021年环境法下的生物多样性净收益。对可衡量的生物多样性指标的评估可用于监测恢复水平和所提供的附加值。在生物多样性净收益的背景下，需要在项目和政策层面考虑监测、报告和验证。但是，拟议的项目一级管理、监测、执行和报告是否充分和可实现？该项目研究了不同恢复阶段的地点的生物多样性变异。这包括通过栖息地调查和遥感来测量植被结构的变化。这将提供有关生境分类、植被碳储存和植物压力水平指示的信息。将通过调查地上和地下无脊椎动物物种，包括传粉者及其与自然资本评估的潜在联系，来衡量营养复杂性。最后，将通过分析评估土壤成分（碳含量、土壤有机质含量、污染程度）和土壤结构的变化，以及通过遥感确定植被类型和裸露地面作为随时间推移的土壤碳储存指标，来衡量土壤健康状况的改善。在不同的恢复阶段，工业化后的布朗菲尔德场地将被用来提供土壤，植物和传粉者的基线数据。将通过监测诺森伯兰野生动物信托基金（合作伙伴）和纽卡斯尔大学农场对照管理做法下的地点的生物多样性变化，在两年期间监测低成本补救过程，如修复生态系统功能（物种建立）和启动自然恢复（将可耕地恢复为天然草地）。主要研究差距和问题：1。生物多样性净收益监测、验证和报告方法是否充分和可实现？2.遥感与土壤、植物和无脊椎动物评估相结合的使用能否建立提供恢复和生物多样性损益证据所需的证据基础数据集？3.恢复进程和养护管理（例如野化）是否为生物多样性净收益提供了附加值？

Restoration of former mining sites usually involves habitat creation that not only aims to reduce the concentration of pollutants but also enhance biodiversity. Habitat restoration and offsets have been proposed to compensate biodiversity losses, however few studies provide empirical evidence of success, and technical challenges exist to effectively measure losses and gains owing to mining. New processes and policies are emerging to both encourage and enforce effective conservation action, such as biodiversity net gain under the 2021 Environment Act. Assessment of measurable biodiversity indicators can be used to monitor levels of recovery and added value provided. In the context of biodiversity net gain, monitoring, reporting, and validation need to be considered at project and policy level. But is the project-level management, monitoring, enforcement, and reporting proposed sufficient and achievable?This project examines biodiversity variability on sites at different stages of restoration. This includes measurements of changes in vegetation structure through habitat surveys and remote sensing. This will provide information on habitat classification, vegetation carbon storage and indication of plant stress levels. Trophic complexity will be measured through surveys of above and below ground invertebrate species, including pollinators and their potential link to natural capital assessment. Finally, soil health improvement will be measured through analytical assessment of changes in soil composition (carbon content, soil organic matter content, contamination level) and soil structure; as well as remote sensing to identify type of vegetation and bare ground as indicators of soil carbon storage over time. Well characterised post-industrial brownfield sites at different stages of restoration will be used to provide soil, plant, and pollinator baseline data. Monitoring of low-cost remediation processes, such as repairing ecosystem function (species establishment) and initiating nature recovery (rewilding arable into natural grassland) will be done through monitoring biodiversity changes over a 2-year period at sites under contrasting managed practices by Northumberland Wildlife Trust (collaborative partner) and Newcastle University Farms. Key Research Gaps and Questions:1. Are biodiversity net gain monitoring, validation and reporting methodologies sufficient and achievable?2. Can the use of remote sensing combined with soil, plant and invertebrate assessment build the evidence base dataset needed to provide evidence of restoration and biodiversity gain or loss?3. Do restoration processes and conservation management, (e.g.rewilding) provide added value on biodiversity net gain?