Greenland Ice Sheet - Ocean Interactions: Using satellite data and AI to understand ice dynamic change

格陵兰冰盖 - 海洋相互作用：利用卫星数据和人工智能了解冰的动态变化

• 批准号: 2886128
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2886128
• 关键词: Greenland; Ice; Sheet; Ocean; Interactions

Over the last 25-years, Ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica have raised the global sea level by 1.8 cm since the 1990's, and are matching the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's worst-case climate warming scenarios. In Greenland, mass loss from the ice sheet is dominated by high rates of surface melt during the summer, with individual extreme years having a major impact on the total sea level contribution. Satellite observations have shown that ice loss from Antarctica is dominated by dynamic imbalance in the low-lying, marine-based sectors of West Antarctica; where glaciers in the Amundsen Sea Sector have thinned, accelerated, and grounding-lines have retreated since the 1940's. Ice speedup in West Antarctica is driven by incursions of warm modified Circum-polar Deep Water (mCDW) melting the floating ice, with the interannual and long-term variability of ocean temperatures linked to atmospheric forcing associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The ice sheet contribution to the global sea level budget remains the greatest uncertainty in future projections of sea level rise, driven in part by positive feedbacks such as the Marine Ice Sheet Instability (MISI), and with the most extreme scenarios only possible through the onset of Marine Ice Cliff Instability (MICI). Both long term and emerging new dynamic signals must be accurately measured in order to better understand how ice sheets will change in the future. This project offers an exciting opportunity to work at the interface of climate and space science, making an important contribution to international efforts to study the effects and impact of climate change. In this PhD, you will work closely with world-leading experts in satellite observations, Polar oceanography, and advanced computer techniques, to better understand the ice dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Through supervision by Dr Hogg, you will use satellite observations to measure ice speed and then the mass balance of the Greenland Ice sheet, quantifying the ice sheet sea level contribution over the last 30-years. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, from Earth observation satellites including ERS-1/2, TerraSAR-X and Sentinel-1, will be used to track changes in ice speed In Antarctica, using intensity feature tracking and interferometry. Your satellite observations will be combined with observations of ocean temperature, collected using seal tags, moorings, and Automatic Underwater Vehicles, in order to better understand the physical mechanisms driving this change. Through co-supervision by Dr King at University of Edinburgh, you will pioneer the use of advanced computer techniques, such as Artificial Intelligence, to determine the significance of observed change, and to correlate changes in ice flow with ocean temperature measurements.

在过去的25年里，格陵兰岛和南极洲的冰盖自20世纪90年代以来使全球海平面上升了1.8厘米，并且与政府间气候变化专门委员会最糟糕的气候变暖情景相匹配。在格陵兰，冰盖的质量损失主要是夏季表面融化率高，个别极端年份对海平面的总贡献有重大影响。卫星观测表明，南极洲的冰损失主要是由南极洲西部低洼的海洋部分的动态不平衡所主导的;自20世纪40年代以来，阿蒙森海部分的冰川变薄，加速，接地线已经退缩。南极洲西部的冰加速是由温暖的改性环极深水（mCDW）融化浮冰的入侵所驱动的，海洋温度的年际和长期变化与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）相关的大气强迫有关。冰盖对全球海平面预算的贡献仍然是未来海平面上升预测中最大的不确定性，部分原因是海洋冰盖不稳定性（MISI）等正反馈，并且只有通过海洋冰崖不稳定性（MICI）的开始才有可能出现最极端的情景。必须准确测量长期和新出现的动态信号，以便更好地了解冰盖未来的变化。该项目提供了一个令人兴奋的机会，在气候和空间科学的接口工作，为研究气候变化的影响和影响的国际努力作出重要贡献。在这个博士学位中，您将与世界领先的卫星观测，极地海洋学和先进的计算机技术专家密切合作，以更好地了解格陵兰冰盖的冰动力学。通过霍格博士的监督，你将使用卫星观测来测量冰的速度，然后格陵兰冰盖的质量平衡，量化冰盖海平面在过去30年的贡献。地球观测卫星（包括ERS-1/2、TerraSAR-X和Sentinel-1）的合成孔径雷达（SAR）数据将用于跟踪南极洲冰速的变化，使用强度特征跟踪和干涉测量法。您的卫星观测将与海洋温度的观测相结合，使用密封标签，系泊和自动水下航行器收集，以便更好地了解驱动这种变化的物理机制。通过爱丁堡大学国王博士的共同监督，您将率先使用先进的计算机技术，如人工智能，以确定观察到的变化的意义，并将冰流的变化与海洋温度测量相关联。