ALCOHOL, MEMORY AND AFFECTIVE REGULATION

酒精、记忆和情感调节

• 批准号: 7250933
• 负责人: MARSHA E. BATES
• 金额: $ 28.04万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7250933
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Affect; Affective; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Area; Arousal; Behavior; Behavioral; Condition; Data; Development; Disease; Disruption; Dissociation; Distress; Drug Use Disorder; Emotional; Equilibrium; Exposure to; Family history of; Generic Drugs; Goals; Heart Rate; Human; Impairment; Informal Social Control; Intoxication; Knowledge; Link; Maintenance; Measures; Memory; Modeling; Nature; Neurobiology; Operative Surgical Procedures; Participant; Performance; Persons; Population; Process; Psychophysiology; Reaction; Regulation; Research; Risk; Series; Skin; Stimulus; Stress; Testing; Thinking; addiction; alcohol and other drug; alcohol effect; alcohol measurement; alcohol use disorder; biological adaptation to stress; emotional stimulus; implicit memory; indexing; long term memory; memory process; pre-clinical; research study; response

Automatic and implicit memory processes, and difficulties in the regulation of negative affect, are thought to be importantly involved in the development and maintenance of alcohol and other drug use disorders (Koob & Le Moal; 1997; O'Brien et al., 1992; Robinson & Berridge, 1993; Tiffany, 1990). Studies comparing persons with a multigenerational family history of alcohol use disorders (FHP) to those with no such family history (FHN) suggest that there are differences in memory functioning and affective regulation, although these differences have yet to be linked to specific mechanisms that underlie variance in addiction liability. Understanding has been limited in preclinical human populations because research has seldom included measures of both psychophysiological arousal and memory disruption in the same paradigm, and has not examined the extent to which alcohol selectively disrupts explicit versus implicit memory processing of emotionally valenced stimuli that are and are not distressing. The goal of this application is to better understand the influence of alcohol on implicit and explicit memory for, and psychophysiological reactivity to, neutral, positive, and emotionally distressing stimuli in FHP and FHN persons. A sequence of three experiments is proposed: Experiment 1 examines whether alcohol's dissociation of multiple forms of implicit and explicit memory processes differs in high versus low risk family history groups. Experiment 2 examines alcohol's selective effects on implicit and explicit memory for emotionally arousing versus neutral word stimuli, assesses psychophysiological reactivity during stimulus encoding, and tests differential influences on long term memory consolidation in FHP and FHN persons. Experiment 3 examines these questions using emotionally arousing picture stimuli that have been further characterized as having distinct positive versus negative affective valences. Data from Experiments 2 and 3 will further be used to explore whether heart rate variability measures of autonomic balance and adaptability can characterize alcohol effects on dynamic affective self-regulation processes in high and low risk persons. The proposed sequence of experiments builds systematically on our previous alcohol and memory research in a way that should yield further knowledge about alcohol effects on implicit and explicit, immediate and longer term memory processes, and how these covary with arousal responses to both verbal and picture stimuli that vary in emotional salience. The findings will be useful in examining the predictions of "stress response dampening" models of alcohol effects in high and Iow risk groups, and may ultimately help to refine, from a human behavioral perspective, addiction models that posit the operation of unintentional memory processes and difficulties in the regulation of negative affect in contributing to addiction vulnerability.

自动和内隐记忆过程以及负面情绪调节的困难被认为与酒精和其他药物使用障碍的发展和维持有重要关系（Koob & Le Moal; 1997; O'Brien et al., 1992; Robinson & Berridge, 1993; Tiffany, 1990）。对具有多代酒精使用障碍家族史 (FHP) 的人与无此类家族史 (FHN) 的人进行比较的研究表明，记忆功能和情感调节方面存在差异，尽管这些差异尚未与酒精使用障碍相关。 成瘾倾向差异的具体机制。临床前人群的理解受到限制，因为研究很少在同一范式中包括心理生理唤醒和记忆破坏的测量，并且没有研究酒精选择性地破坏令人痛苦和不令人痛苦的情绪效价刺激的外显记忆和内隐记忆处理的程度。此应用程序的目标是更好地了解酒精对 FHP 和 FHN 人群的内隐和外显记忆以及对中性、积极和情绪痛苦刺激的心理生理反应的影响。提出了一系列三个实验：实验 1 检查酒精对多种形式的内隐和外显记忆过程的解离在高风险家族史组和低风险家族史组中是否存在差异。实验 2 检查酒精对 情绪唤起与中性词刺激的内隐和外显记忆，评估刺激编码期间的心理生理反应性，并测试对 FHP 和 FHN 人的长期记忆巩固的差异影响。实验 3 使用激发情感的图片刺激来检验这些问题，这些图片刺激已被进一步表征为具有明显的积极与消极情感效价。实验 2 和 3 的数据将进一步用于探索自主平衡和适应性的心率变异性测量是否可以 描述酒精对高风险和低风险人群动态情感自我调节过程的影响。所提出的一系列实验系统地建立在我们之前的酒精和记忆研究的基础上，应该能够进一步了解酒精对内隐和外显、即时和长期记忆过程的影响，以及这些过程如何与对情感显着性不同的言语和图片刺激的唤醒反应产生共变。这些发现将有助于检验高风险群体和低风险群体中酒精影响的“压力反应抑制”模型的预测，并可能最终有助于从人类行为的角度完善成瘾模型，该模型假定无意识记忆过程的运作以及导致成瘾脆弱性的负面影响调节的困难。