Stereoacuity and Binocular Correspondence

描述（由申请人提供）：考虑到三维几何形状，立体视觉对于指定视觉场景的布局可能不如提供有关表面形状和结构的局部信息有用。本研究的主要目的是探讨立体定义的曲面如何编码，以及它们在立体匹配和立体灵敏度中的作用。第一个目标将研究编码表面边缘的机制和编码精细表面浮雕的机制之间的相互作用。第二个目标是研究深度弯曲的连续曲面的表面编码。最近的研究表明，视差通常是相对于局部参照系（即相邻表面）进行编码的，而不是相对于传统的以头为中心或以眼为中心的坐标系来表示绝对视差。第三个目标将考察在真实表面和物体的背景下局部参照系的意义。本提案中的实验将检查正常人类观察者的立体处理。大约5%的人患有动眼病（斜视）或屈光性疾病（参差），这些疾病威胁到正常立体视觉的发展。虽然大多数人可以应付立体视觉的丧失，但双眼发育异常也经常与一只眼睛的敏斜度缺陷（弱视）有关，这是一个更严重的问题。这些正常观察者的研究将提供关于正常立体视的基本知识，这是理解双目系统异常的先决条件

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Given the 3D geometry, stereopsis is probably less useful for specifying the layout of the visual scene than for supplying local information about surface shape and structure. The major objective of the proposed research is to explore how stereo-defined surfaces are encoded, and their role in stereo matching and stereo sensitivity. The first aim will examine the interaction between mechanisms that encode surface edges and mechanisms that encode fine surface relief. The second aim will examine surface encoding for continuous surfaces curved in depth. Recent studies show that disparity is generally encoded with respect to a local frame-of-reference, i.e. an adjacent surface, rather than with respect to the traditional head-centered or eye-centered coordinate system used to represent absolute disparities. The third aim will examine the significance of local frames-of-reference in the context of real surfaces and objects. The experiments in this proposal will examine stereo processing in normal human observers. About 5% of the population suffers from oculomotor (strabismus) or refractive (anisometropia) disorders that threaten the development of normal stereopsis. While most individuals can cope with the loss of stereopsis, abnormal binocular development is also frequently associated with a deficit in the acuity of one eye (amblyopia) - a more serious problem. These studies of normal observers will provide basic knowledge about normal stereopsis, a prerequisite for understanding abnormalities of the binocular system