The Smoking Abstinence Questionnaire

描述（由申请人提供）：在美国，吸烟仍然是最可预防的发病和死亡原因，每年约有44万人死亡。因此，研究人员继续研究与治疗尼古丁依赖有关的因素是至关重要的。药物相关预期是指个体对使用（或不使用）任何特定物质的预期后果。关于吸烟，研究集中在吸烟者对使用香烟的期望上。这些期望，如标准吸烟期望问卷所测量的，是吸烟动机和行为的可靠预测指标。然而，之前没有研究调查过吸烟者对不吸烟的期望。也就是说，之前没有研究调查过吸烟者在戒烟时预期的后果（即与戒烟相关的预期）。然而，这些预期可能对尼古丁依赖的治疗有相当大的意义。当前研究的主要目的是通过制定一份与戒烟相关的期望问卷：吸烟戒烟问卷（SAQ）来检查吸烟者对戒烟的期望。将通过参考文献、与现有吸烟者进行焦点小组讨论和专家小组审查，制定初步的SAQ项目库。将对500名现有吸烟者实施SAQ草案，并使用包括因素分析在内的既定心理测量程序对其进行改进。SAQ与吸烟相关变量的关系将被检验，包括其与尼古丁依赖、戒断、戒烟动机、戒烟自我效能、负面影响和吸烟预期的关系。我们假设SAQ将与这些变量中的每一个都有显著的关系，从而为其结构效度提供证据。建议的研究将提供有关戒烟过程和重要治疗相关过程变量的有价值的信息。此外，SAQ的发展将允许对戒断相关期望在戒烟过程中的作用进行持续、系统的研究。最后，这项调查可能有助于吸烟治疗。因此，本研究将促进尼古丁依赖治疗的发展。相关性：尽管这些预期在治疗尼古丁依赖方面可能具有重要意义，但之前没有研究调查吸烟者在戒烟时预期的后果。本研究的主要目的是开发一份与禁欲相关的期望问卷。因此，本研究将促进尼古丁依赖治疗的发展。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette smoking remains the single most preventable cause or morbidity and mortality in the United States, accounting for approximately 440,000 deaths per year. It is thus essential that researchers continue to investigate the factors relevant to the treatment of nicotine dependence. Drug-related expectancies represent the consequences that an individual expects from the use (or non-use) of any given substance. With respect to smoking, research has focused on smokers' expectancies for the use of cigarettes. These expectancies, as measured by the standard smoking expectancy questionnaires, are robust predictors of smoking motivation and behavior. However, no prior study has examined smokers' expectancies for the non-use of cigarettes. That is, no previous study has investigated the consequences that smokers expect when they quit smoking (that is, abstinence-related expectancies). However, these expectancies likely have considerable significance to the treatment of nicotine dependence. The primary goal of the current study is to examine smokers' expectancies for abstinence via the development of an abstinence-related expectancies questionnaire: the Smoking Abstinence Questionnaire (SAQ). An initial pool of SAQ items will be developed via reference to the literature, focus groups with current smokers, and expert panel review. A draft version of the SAQ will be administered to 500 current smokers and refined with the use of established psychometric procedures, including factor analysis. The SAQ's relationship to smoking-relevant variables will be examined, including its relationship to nicotine dependence, withdrawal, motivation to quit, abstinence self-efficacy, negative affect, and smoking expectancies. We hypothesize that the SAQ will have significant relationships with each of these variables, thereby providing evidence for its construct validity. The proposed study will provide valuable information regarding the process of quitting and important treatment-related process variables. Moreover, the development of the SAQ will allow for continued, systematic, research of the role of abstinence-related expectancies in the quitting process. Finally, this investigation may help inform smoking treatment. Thus, the current study will advance the development of nicotine dependence treatments. Relevance: No prior study has investigated the consequences that smokers anticipate when they quit smoking, although these expectancies likely have significance in the treatment of nicotine dependence. The primary goal of the current study is the development of an abstinence-related expectancies questionnaire. Thus, the current study will advance the development of nicotine dependence treatments.