The Smoking Abstinence Questionnaire

描述(由申请人提供)：吸烟仍然是美国最可预防的单一原因或发病率和死亡率，每年约有44万人死亡。因此，研究人员继续调查与尼古丁依赖治疗相关的因素是至关重要的。与毒品有关的预期是指个人对使用(或不使用)任何特定物质所预期的后果。在吸烟方面，研究的重点是吸烟者对香烟的预期使用。通过标准的吸烟预期问卷衡量，这些预期是吸烟动机和行为的有力预测因素。然而，之前没有研究调查吸烟者对不使用香烟的期望。也就是说，之前没有研究调查吸烟者在戒烟时预期的后果(即与戒烟相关的预期)。然而，这些预期可能对尼古丁依赖的治疗具有相当大的意义。目前这项研究的主要目标是通过开发与戒烟相关的期望问卷：戒烟问卷(SAQ)来检查吸烟者对戒烟的期望。最初的SAQ项目库将通过参考文献、当前吸烟者的焦点小组和专家小组审查来制定。SAQ的草案版本将被执行给500名当前吸烟者，并通过使用包括因素分析在内的既定心理测量程序进行完善。将研究SAQ与吸烟相关变量的关系，包括它与尼古丁依赖、戒烟、戒烟动机、禁欲自我效能、负面情绪和吸烟预期的关系。我们假设SAQ与这些变量中的每一个都有显著的关系，从而为其结构效度提供了证据。拟议的研究将提供有关戒烟过程和与治疗相关的重要过程变量的有价值的信息。此外，SAQ的开发将使人们能够继续、系统地研究与戒酒相关的期望在戒烟过程中的作用。最后，这项调查可能有助于指导吸烟治疗。因此，本研究将推动尼古丁依赖治疗的发展。相关性：先前没有研究调查吸烟者在戒烟时预期的后果，尽管这些预期可能对尼古丁依赖的治疗有重要意义。目前这项研究的主要目标是开发一份与禁欲相关的期望问卷。因此，本研究将推动尼古丁依赖治疗的发展。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette smoking remains the single most preventable cause or morbidity and mortality in the United States, accounting for approximately 440,000 deaths per year. It is thus essential that researchers continue to investigate the factors relevant to the treatment of nicotine dependence. Drug-related expectancies represent the consequences that an individual expects from the use (or non-use) of any given substance. With respect to smoking, research has focused on smokers' expectancies for the use of cigarettes. These expectancies, as measured by the standard smoking expectancy questionnaires, are robust predictors of smoking motivation and behavior. However, no prior study has examined smokers' expectancies for the non-use of cigarettes. That is, no previous study has investigated the consequences that smokers expect when they quit smoking (that is, abstinence-related expectancies). However, these expectancies likely have considerable significance to the treatment of nicotine dependence. The primary goal of the current study is to examine smokers' expectancies for abstinence via the development of an abstinence-related expectancies questionnaire: the Smoking Abstinence Questionnaire (SAQ). An initial pool of SAQ items will be developed via reference to the literature, focus groups with current smokers, and expert panel review. A draft version of the SAQ will be administered to 500 current smokers and refined with the use of established psychometric procedures, including factor analysis. The SAQ's relationship to smoking-relevant variables will be examined, including its relationship to nicotine dependence, withdrawal, motivation to quit, abstinence self-efficacy, negative affect, and smoking expectancies. We hypothesize that the SAQ will have significant relationships with each of these variables, thereby providing evidence for its construct validity. The proposed study will provide valuable information regarding the process of quitting and important treatment-related process variables. Moreover, the development of the SAQ will allow for continued, systematic, research of the role of abstinence-related expectancies in the quitting process. Finally, this investigation may help inform smoking treatment. Thus, the current study will advance the development of nicotine dependence treatments. Relevance: No prior study has investigated the consequences that smokers anticipate when they quit smoking, although these expectancies likely have significance in the treatment of nicotine dependence. The primary goal of the current study is the development of an abstinence-related expectancies questionnaire. Thus, the current study will advance the development of nicotine dependence treatments.