Dynamic Visual Activity in Temporal Cortex

颞叶皮层的动态视觉活动

• 批准号: 7034520
• 负责人: DAVID L SHEINBERG
• 金额: $ 37.07万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-04-01 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7034520
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; eye movements; form /pattern perception; neural information processing; neurophysiology; single cell analysis; temporal lobe /cortex; time resolved data; visual cortex; visual fields; visual perception; visual stimulus

(Revised Abstract) Description: How the nervous system extracts a coherent view of our complex and dynamic world is not well understood. Current understanding of the neural circuitry involved in visual object recognition is based in large part on physiological recordings made during passive animals looking at static images. Real world vision differs dramatically from these conditions, as both the observer and objects in the world are dynamic. Further, active vision is purposive; an observer's percepts can guide actions that may in turn alter the visual environment. The objective of the experiments described in this proposal is to begin to investigate the neural basis of active vision by recording the neural activity generated in extrastriate visual areas of the temporal lobe while monkeys observe, monitor, and interact with complex visual forms over temporally extended periods.The first specific aim will explore how knowing when something will occur prepares the perceptual system to determine what has occured. The second aim will test the hypothesis that neural activity in IT is maintained not only by the visible presence of the object, but also when that object disappears momentarily from view but in a context consistent with its continued physical presence. The final aim considers whether either overt action directed toward an object, or planned action for an upcoming event, directly affect the responses of IT neurons to visual stimuli. Existing neurophysiological theories of object processing propose that cells in the temporal cortex are essential for matching acquired visual snapshots to stored representations, but they leave open the question of how these brain areas contribute to continuous visual experience. By recording from cells whose putative role is to convey information about the detailed world, it is expected that these experiments can provide essential empirical data directly addressing this issue, and in doing so, will force the consideration of theories of dynamic neural processing as opposed to traditional "snapshot" models of visual perception.

(修订摘要)描述：神经系统如何提取我们复杂而动态的世界的连贯视图还没有被很好地理解。目前对视觉物体识别所涉及的神经回路的理解在很大程度上是基于被动动物观看静态图像时所做的生理记录。现实世界的视觉与这些条件有很大的不同，因为世界上的观察者和物体都是动态的。此外，积极的视觉是有目的的；观察者的感知可以指导可能反过来改变视觉环境的行动。这项提议中描述的实验的目的是通过记录猴子在时间上延长的时间内观察、监视复杂的视觉形式并与其互动时，在颞叶纹外视觉区域产生的神经活动来开始研究主动视觉的神经基础。第一个具体目标将探索知道什么时候会发生什么是如何使知觉系统准备好确定已经发生的事情的。第二个目标将检验这一假设，即IT中的神经活动不仅通过物体的可见存在来维持，而且当该物体暂时从视野中消失时，而且在与其持续的物理存在相一致的背景下也是如此。最终目的是考虑直接针对一个物体的公开动作，或针对即将到来的事件的计划动作，是否直接影响IT神经元对视觉刺激的反应。现有的物体加工神经生理学理论认为，颞叶皮质中的细胞对于匹配获得的视觉快照和存储的表征是必不可少的，但它们留下了一个悬而未决的问题，即这些大脑区域如何促进持续的视觉体验。通过记录细胞的假定作用是传达关于细节世界的信息，预计这些实验可以提供直接解决这一问题的基本经验数据，并且在这样做的过程中，将迫使人们考虑动态神经处理理论，而不是传统的视觉感知的“快照”模型。