Dynamic Visual Activity in Temporal Cortex

颞叶皮层的动态视觉活动

• 批准号: 8693371
• 负责人: DAVID L SHEINBERG
• 金额: $ 47.61万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-04-01 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8693371
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Animals; Anterior; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Blindness; Brain; Cells; Complex; Data; Development; Disease; Environment; Evolution; Exhibits; Face; Familiarity; Future; Goals; Individual; Inferior; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Learning; Link; Literature; Measurable; Medical; Methodology; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Modification; Neurons; Pattern; Performance; Physiological; Play; Population; Primates; Process; Property; Public Health; Resolution; Role; Shapes; Speed; Stimulus; Structure; Study models; Synaptic plasticity; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; awake; base; behavior influence; biological systems; burden of illness; cell type; coping; excitatory neuron; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; falls; in vivo; information processing; inhibitory neuron; innovation; neocortical; neural circuit; neuroregulation; novel; optogenetics; public health relevance; receptive field; relating to nervous system; repaired; research study; response; tool; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mounting evidence shows that functional connections between the cellular building blocks within the brain actively reorganize, even in the mature brain. Even so, this view is not yet universally accepted in part because tracking these changes in the awake, behaving animal is technically challenging. Further complicating the question of changes in single neuron properties with experience is the fact that cortex comprises many cell types, and recent data from the applicant's laboratory has revealed that plasticity may be expressed differentially across these populations. This proposal focuses on vision as a powerful model system for exploring the role that plasticity plays in normal brain function. The general hypothesis to be tested is that effective visual processing relies on experience driven, adaptive firing patterns of neurons within the inferior temporal cortex (IT), and that this experience leads to differential physiological changes in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. These changes, in turn, support measurable behavioral advantages. Although changes in neural responses are typically slow, artificial control of neural activity can induce modification more rapidly, and this modified activity can guide visually directed behavior. The proposed experiments will support efforts aimed at reviving or augmenting adaptive responses in higher-level visual areas. The proposal has three fundamental aims. The first aim is to clearly demonstrate impact of long-term familiarity on visual processing for multiple object classes. The strategy for accomplishing this aim will be to track performance in a speeded recognition tasks with well-known and trial unique stimuli. The second aim is to determine how visual experience affects stimulus encoding by neurons in anterior IT cortex. This will be achieved by tracking single neuron and small population activity by combining recording of activity across spatial scales and using carefully generated visual stimuli during the tasks developed in the first aim. The final aim is to directly manipulate neuron activity in temporal cortex to control plasticity. This aim will leverage optogenetic stimulation methods already in use in the applicant's laboratory to affect neural responses on single trials in order to induce the kinds of plasticity observed in the second aim. Together, the results of this work will help bridge the large literature on synaptic plasticity at he cellular level with visual behavior in primates. An important specific focus of these studies will e to identify stimulus, task, and physiological conditions under which both excitatory and inhibitory neurons adapt their responses through long-term experience, and to show how this plasticity can positively influence behavior. That visual experience can profoundly alter visual object representations in IT is of critical importance to efforts directed at repair of the visual system nd in understanding development disorders. Using an innovative set of tools and approaches, the projects in this proposal will emphasize the need to carefully track cellular activity in behaving animals, using complex and demanding real world tasks, with a level of resolution that will likely prove essential for future studies, and models, of higher brain function.

描述(申请人提供)：越来越多的证据表明，大脑内细胞构建块之间的功能连接积极重组，即使在成熟的大脑中也是如此。尽管如此，这一观点尚未被普遍接受，部分原因是跟踪清醒、行为动物的这些变化在技术上是具有挑战性的。使单一神经元属性随经验变化的问题进一步复杂化的是，皮质由许多细胞类型组成，来自申请人实验室的最新数据显示，可塑性可能在这些人群中表现出不同。这项提议将视觉作为一个强大的模型系统来探索可塑性在正常大脑功能中所起的作用。需要检验的一般假设是，有效的视觉处理依赖于经验驱动的、自适应的颞叶下皮质(IT)神经元的放电模式，并且这种经验导致 以区分兴奋性神经元和抑制性神经元的生理变化。这些变化，反过来， 支持可衡量的行为优势。尽管神经反应的变化通常是缓慢的，但人工控制神经活动可以更快地诱导修改，而这种修改 活动可以引导视觉导向的行为。拟议的实验将支持旨在恢复或增强较高级别视觉区域适应性反应的努力。该提案有三个基本目标。第一个目标是清楚地展示长期熟悉对多个对象类的视觉加工的影响。实现这一目标的策略将是跟踪在具有众所周知和试验的独特刺激的快速识别任务中的表现。第二个目标是确定视觉体验如何影响前部IT皮质神经元的刺激编码。这将通过跟踪单个神经元和少量群体的活动来实现，方法是将跨空间尺度的活动记录结合起来，并在第一个目标制定的任务期间使用仔细生成的视觉刺激。最终目标是直接控制颞叶皮质的神经元活动，以控制可塑性。这个目标将利用申请人实验室中已经使用的光遗传刺激方法来影响单项试验中的神经反应，以诱导在第二个目标中观察到的各种可塑性。总之，这项工作的结果将有助于在细胞水平上的突触可塑性与灵长类动物的视觉行为之间架起一座桥梁。这些研究的一个重要的具体焦点将是确定刺激、任务和生理条件，在这些条件下兴奋和抑制。 神经元通过长期的经验来适应他们的反应，并展示这种可塑性如何对行为产生积极影响。这种视觉体验可以深刻地改变信息技术中的视觉对象表征，对于修复视觉系统和理解发育障碍的努力至关重要。使用一套创新的工具和方法，该提案中的项目将强调需要使用复杂和苛刻的现实世界任务，仔细跟踪行为动物的细胞活动，其分辨率水平可能被证明对未来更高大脑功能的研究和模型至关重要。