Foveal and Parafoveal Codes in Reading

描述（由申请人提供）：将进行一系列研究，以检查阅读中使用的代码的性质。本研究探讨阅读过程中，正字法、语音、词汇和语义编码在中央凹和副中央凹视觉中的应用。在实验中，将监测读者的眼球运动，主要技术包括根据读者眼睛的位置改变文本的显示。将检查眼动数据（注视时间、扫视长度、注视概率和注视次数），以更精确地确定(1)如何使用不同的代码来获取注视单词的含义，(2)阅读过程中如何部署注意力，以及(3)如何使用各种代码（视觉、正字法、词汇、语音和语义）来整合注视信息。许多实验都是针对大学年龄的熟练读者，但我们也将研究老年人和初级读者以及中文读者的这些问题。除了实证研究之外，我们还将进一步发展E-Z Reader模型，以考虑更广泛的数据，并将其扩展到初学者和老年读者以及中文读者的眼动行为。实验和建模工作应该可以更好地理解熟练阅读以及为什么有些人阅读不好。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A series of studies will be conducted to examine the nature of codes utilized in reading. The studies deal with how orthographic, phonological, lexical, and semantic codes are used in foveal and parafoveal vision during reading. In the experiments, readers' eye movements will be monitored and the primary technique involves making display changes in the text contingent upon the position of the readers' eyes. Eye movement data (fixation time, saccade length, fixation probability, and number of fixations) will be examined to determine more precisely (1) how different codes are used in accessing the meaning of fixated words, (2) how attention is deployed during reading, and (3) how the various codes (visual, orthographic, lexical, phonological, and semantic) are used in integrating information across fixations. Many of the experiments deal with college aged skilled readers, but we will also investigate these issues in elderly and beginning readers, as well as readers of Chinese. In addition to the empirical work, we will further develop the E-Z Reader model to account for a broader range of data, and also extend it to account for eye movement behavior in beginning and elderly readers, as well as Chinese readers. The experiments and the modeling work should make it possible to better understand skilled reading and why some people do not read well.