Enhancing the Effectiveness of a Culturally Sensitive Organ Donation Intervention

描述（由申请人提供）： 美国黑人在需要器官移植的人中所占比例过高。例如，截至2006年12月1日，28%等待救命器官的人是黑人，而他们只占美国人口的13%。多种因素导致黑人在需要移植的人中的比例过高，其中之一是捐献率低。该应用程序描述了一种旨在改善黑人成年人捐赠意愿的干预措施的持续开发和测试。 这三个阶段的研究采用定性和定量研究方法。第一阶段需要召集8个重点小组，每个小组6-8人。六个焦点小组将与参加我们以前的随机有效性试验的教区居民。两个焦点小组将与新参加研究的个人一起。本阶段研究的目标是了解促使个人审查干预材料的因素以及修改干预措施以最大限度地提高其有效性的方法。根据这些调查结果，我们将修改现有的干预方案（以下简称“增强干预方案”）。第二阶段是一项随机有效性试验（N=750），旨在评估增强的干预方案是否比以前开发的干预材料更有效地影响行为意图。此外，这一阶段将评估干预措施在不去教堂的南部黑人中是否有效。第三阶段需要进行数据分析和传播调查结果。 本研究的具体目的是探讨激励个人审查干预材料的因素，修改干预材料，以最大限度地提高有效性和审查的可能性，并测试增强的干预是否是有效的黑人成年人从非教会为基础的设置。这项研究将检验两个主要假设：（a）与接受标准项目干预材料（干预）的人相比，接受增强型项目干预材料（增强型干预）的人中（通过观看视频和/或阅读书面材料）阅读干预材料的人比例更大。(b)在那些阅读材料并定期（至少每周一次）参加教会的人和那些阅读材料但不定期参加教会的人之间，增加书面和口头捐赠意愿的人的比例没有差异。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Black Americans are overrepresented among individuals in need of an organ transplant. For example, as of December 1, 2006, 28% of individuals awaiting a life-saving organ were Black whereas they only comprise 13% of the US population. A variety of factors contribute to Blacks' overrepresentation among those in need of a transplant, one of which is low donation rates. This application describes the continued development and testing of an intervention that seeks to improve donation intentions among Black adults. This three-phase study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Phase I entails convening eight focus groups of 6-8 individuals each. Six focus groups will be with parishioners who participated in our previous randomized effectiveness trial. Two focus groups will be with individuals who are new to the study. The goal of this phase of the study is to understand factors that motivate individuals to review the intervention materials and ways to modify the intervention to maximize its effectiveness. From these findings we will modify the existing intervention package (hereby referred to as the "enhanced intervention package"). Phase II is a randomized effectiveness trial (N=750) that seeks to assess whether the enhanced intervention package is more effective at impacting behavioral intentions than the previously developed intervention materials. Additionally, this phase will assess whether the intervention is effective among non-churchgoing southern Blacks. Phase III entails data analysis and dissemination of findings. The specific aims of this study are to explore the factors that motivate individuals to review the intervention materials, to revise the intervention materials to maximize effectiveness and the likelihood of review, and to test whether the enhanced intervention is effective among Black adults recruited from non-church-based settings. This study will test two primary hypotheses: (a) The proportion of individuals who review the intervention materials (through watching the video and/or reviewing the written materials) will be greater among those who receive the enhanced Project ACTS intervention materials (Enhanced Intervention) as compared to those who receive the standard Project ACTS intervention materials (Intervention). (b) There will be no difference in the proportion of people who increase readiness to express written and verbal intentions to donate between those who review the materials and attend church regularly (at least weekly) and those who review the materials and do not attend church regularly.