Enhancing the Effectiveness of a Culturally Sensitive Organ Donation Intervention

描述(由申请人提供)： 在需要器官移植的个人中，美国黑人的比例过高。例如，截至2006年12月1日，等待救命器官的人中有28%是黑人，而他们只占美国人口的13%。有多种因素导致黑人在需要移植的人中比例过高，其中之一是低捐赠率。本申请描述了一种旨在改善黑人成年人捐赠意愿的干预措施的持续开发和测试。 本研究分三个阶段，采用定性和定量相结合的研究方法。第一阶段需要召集八个重点小组，每个小组由6至8人组成。六个焦点小组将与参加我们之前的随机有效性试验的教区居民一起参加。两个焦点小组将与不熟悉这项研究的人一起参加。这一阶段研究的目标是了解促使个人回顾干预材料的因素，以及如何修改干预以使其最大限度地发挥其有效性。根据这些调查结果，我们将修改现有的干预方案(在此称为“强化干预方案”)。第二阶段是一项随机有效性试验(N=750)，旨在评估增强干预方案是否比先前开发的干预材料更有效地影响行为意图。此外，这一阶段将评估干预措施在不去教堂的南部黑人中是否有效。第三阶段需要进行数据分析和传播调查结果。 本研究的具体目的是探索促使个人回顾干预材料的因素，修改干预材料以最大化有效性和审查的可能性，并测试加强干预在从非教会环境招募的黑人成年人中是否有效。这项研究将检验两个基本假设：(A)在接受强化项目行为干预材料(增强干预)的人中，(通过观看视频和/或审查书面材料)审查干预材料的个人比例将高于接受标准项目行为干预材料(干预)的人。(B)定期(至少每周一次)复查材料并去教堂的人与复查材料但不经常去教堂的人之间，表示愿意表达书面和口头捐赠意愿的人的比例将没有差别。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Black Americans are overrepresented among individuals in need of an organ transplant. For example, as of December 1, 2006, 28% of individuals awaiting a life-saving organ were Black whereas they only comprise 13% of the US population. A variety of factors contribute to Blacks' overrepresentation among those in need of a transplant, one of which is low donation rates. This application describes the continued development and testing of an intervention that seeks to improve donation intentions among Black adults. This three-phase study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Phase I entails convening eight focus groups of 6-8 individuals each. Six focus groups will be with parishioners who participated in our previous randomized effectiveness trial. Two focus groups will be with individuals who are new to the study. The goal of this phase of the study is to understand factors that motivate individuals to review the intervention materials and ways to modify the intervention to maximize its effectiveness. From these findings we will modify the existing intervention package (hereby referred to as the "enhanced intervention package"). Phase II is a randomized effectiveness trial (N=750) that seeks to assess whether the enhanced intervention package is more effective at impacting behavioral intentions than the previously developed intervention materials. Additionally, this phase will assess whether the intervention is effective among non-churchgoing southern Blacks. Phase III entails data analysis and dissemination of findings. The specific aims of this study are to explore the factors that motivate individuals to review the intervention materials, to revise the intervention materials to maximize effectiveness and the likelihood of review, and to test whether the enhanced intervention is effective among Black adults recruited from non-church-based settings. This study will test two primary hypotheses: (a) The proportion of individuals who review the intervention materials (through watching the video and/or reviewing the written materials) will be greater among those who receive the enhanced Project ACTS intervention materials (Enhanced Intervention) as compared to those who receive the standard Project ACTS intervention materials (Intervention). (b) There will be no difference in the proportion of people who increase readiness to express written and verbal intentions to donate between those who review the materials and attend church regularly (at least weekly) and those who review the materials and do not attend church regularly.