Language, Communication and the Brain

语言、交流和大脑

• 批准号: 6592779
• 负责人: ELIZABETH A BATES
• 金额: $ 28.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6592779
• 关键词: Language; Communication; Brain

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose renewal of our interdisciplinary training program in Language, Communication, and the Brain. The program emphasizes new technologies and new theoretical frameworks in cognitive science and neuroscience (e.g. advances in neural imaging, electrophysiological and behavioral studies of real-time language processing, computer simulations of language learning and breakdown). The proposed program pulls together the expertise, ideas, populations, and technologies that are available in abundance across this community, and places them at the disposal of young scientists interested in the mental and neural mechanisms that underlie language learning, language use, and language disorders. The program for the next five years will be headed by an Executive Committee of seven senior scientists, including the program director (E. Bates), and directors of six research and training components; (1) Communication Disorders (B. Wulfeck), including studies of adult aphasia and childhood language disorders; (2) Psycholinguistics (D. Swinney), including studies of real-time language and processing in adults, and studies of language learning in children; (3) Multilingual and Comparative Language Studies (M. Polinsky), a new component emphasizing studies of multilingualism (processing, learning, disorders), loss and relearning of "heritage" languages in immigrant populations, and comparative studies across typologically distinct language groups; (4) Neural Network Studies of language (J. Elman), with an emphasis on simulations of language learning and language breakdown under a range of different assumptions about the structure of the system and the context of learning and loss; (5) Event-Related Brain Potential (ERP) (M. Kutas); and (6) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imagining (M. Sereno), two components to capture two complementary neural imaging techniques, applied to normal children and adults, and to children and adults with neurological impairments and/or behaviorally defined communication disorders. All trainees specialize in (at least) two of the six areas (a major and a minor), and receive some exposure to all six areas through laboratory rotations, coursework, and activities within the UCSD Center for Research in Language. Courses and laboratory rotations are offered by a larger faculty of scientists at UCSD, San Diego State University and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. We request eight predoctoral and three postdoctoral trainees per year. Predoctoral students apply through Cognitive Science, Linguistics, Psychology, or the SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Communication Disorders, and meet all requirements for those departments. Postdoctoral trainees apply directly to the Center for Research in Language. The proposed increase of three trainees (two predoctoral, one postdoctoral) is justified by growth in the last five years in three areas: the new UCSD Neural Imaging Center, the Center for Human Development (a new research unit to study neural to cultural aspects of human development), and new opportunities in multilingual/cross-language research.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议更新我们在语言，沟通和大脑的跨学科培训计划。该计划强调认知科学和神经科学的新技术和新理论框架（例如神经成像，实时语言处理的电生理和行为研究，语言学习和故障的计算机模拟的进展）。该计划汇集了整个社区丰富的专业知识，想法，人口和技术，并将其置于对语言学习，语言使用和语言障碍的心理和神经机制感兴趣的年轻科学家的支配之下。未来五年的计划将由一个由七名高级科学家组成的执行委员会领导，其中包括计划主任（E。贝茨），和六个研究和培训组成部分的主任;（1）沟通障碍（B。Wulfeck），包括成人失语症和儿童语言障碍的研究; Swinney），包括成人实时语言和处理的研究，以及儿童语言学习的研究; Polinsky），一个强调多语制研究的新组成部分（处理、学习、失调）、移民人口“遗产”语言的丧失和再学习，以及在不同类型的语言群体之间进行比较研究;（4）语言的神经网络研究（J. Elman），重点是在一系列关于系统结构的不同假设下模拟语言学习和语言崩溃，事件相关脑电位（ERP）（M. Kutas）;（6）功能磁共振成像（M. Sereno），两个组件，以捕捉两个互补的神经成像技术，适用于正常儿童和成人，并与神经损伤和/或行为定义的沟通障碍的儿童和成人。所有学员都专注于（至少）六个领域中的两个（一个主要领域和一个次要领域），并通过实验室轮换，课程和UCSD语言研究中心内的活动来接触所有六个领域。课程和实验室轮换由加州大学圣地亚哥分校、圣地亚哥州立大学和索尔克生物研究所的更大的科学家学院提供。我们每年要求8名博士前和3名博士后学员。博士前学生通过认知科学，语言学，心理学或SDSU/UCSD交流障碍联合博士课程申请，并满足这些部门的所有要求。博士后直接向语言研究中心申请。拟议增加三名学员（两名博士前，一名博士后）是合理的增长，在过去五年中在三个领域：新的UCSD神经成像中心，人类发展中心（一个新的研究单位，研究神经人类发展的文化方面），并在多语言/跨语言研究的新机会。