Cue dependency with intravenous nutrients and nicotine

静脉注射营养素和尼古丁的提示依赖性

• 批准号: 7286819
• 负责人: NEIL Edward ROWLAND
• 金额: $ 13.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7286819
• 关键词: Catheters; Class; Condition; Consumption; Cues; Dependency; Disease; Epidemic; Excision; Extinction (Psychology); Flavoring; Food; Glucose; Goals; Human; Hyperphagia; Infusion procedures; Intake; Intravenous; Learning; Light; Lighting; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Metabolic; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Nicotine Withdrawal; Nicotinic Antagonists; Nutrient; Obesity; Oral; Outcome; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Preclinical Testing; Procedures; Property; Protocols documentation; Psychological reinforcement; Publishing; Rattus; Research Personnel; Rewards; Role; Route; Self Administration; Self-Administered; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Solutions; Taste Perception; Thinking; Time; Water; Work; base; concept; day; design; drug reward; food consumption; model development; nicotine abuse; novel; preference; prevent; programs; reinforcer; research study; response; smoking cessation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Two major classes of addictive disorder in humans relate to nicotine use and to excessive food consumption. The concept of food as a commodity with abuse potential has become popular coincident with the obesity epidemic, but little work has directly compared food with drug reward. The present studies will compare the way in which the internal change resulting from either glucose or nicotine self-administration by rats may be preferentially associated with distinctive oral taste cues. Intravenously (IV) self-administered nicotine is thought to be only a weak reinforcer in rats. In contrast, humans readily become dependent upon nicotine, and withdrawal is difficult. These differences may arise in part because the cues associated with nicotine intake in humans include its flavor while in rat studies the cues are almost always changes in illumination. The main goal of this proposal is to determine whether intravenous self-administration of nicotine by rats is facilitated when a coincident taste or flavor cue is associated with nicotine delivery. First, it is important to establish strictly parallel procedures by which we can compare nicotine with nutrient delivery. The first experiment proposes to modify a published procedure in which intragastric delivery of glucose and water produces a strong sensory preference for a flavor paired with glucose delivery. Rats fitted with intragastric and intraoral catheters will be studied on alternating days in conditions in which consumption of a distinctive flavor cue (the CS+) is associated with delivery of glucose and consumption of a different flavor cue (the CS-) is associated with water infusion. The flavor cue will be delivered either through the rat licking naturally or by a nosepoke response for intraoral delivery of the flavor solution. Preference will be assessed by comparing intakes when both flavors are present. This will be compared with a situation in which illumination changes but no taste cue occur following completion of lever presses. Having identified key parameters, the design will be applied to intravenous delivery of nicotine as the reinforcer. We will again determine whether a nicotine-paired flavor becomes preferred. In the final proposed study, we will determine whether IV glucose as a reinforcer is either similar to or different from either IG glucose or IV nicotine as reinforcer. These studies may help to develop ways in conditioned preferences can be manipulated to prevent or treat certain addictive disorders, including overeating.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类中的两种主要成瘾性疾病与尼古丁的使用和过度消耗有关。食品作为具有滥用潜力的商品的概念已与肥胖流行的巧合成为流行，但很少的工作直接将食物与药物奖励进行了比较。本研究将比较大鼠由葡萄糖或尼古丁自我给药产生的内部变化的方式可能与独特的口服味觉提示相关。静脉内（IV）自我管理的尼古丁被认为只是大鼠中的较弱的增强剂。相比之下，人类很容易依赖尼古丁，而戒断很困难。这些差异可能部分是因为与人类尼古丁摄入相关的提示包括其风味，而在大鼠研究中，提示几乎总是在照明中变化。该提案的主要目的是确定当大鼠对尼古丁对尼古丁的静脉自我给药是否与尼古丁递送有关。首先，重要的是建立严格的并行程序，通过这些程序可以将尼古丁与养分递送进行比较。第一个实验建议修改已发表的程序，在该程序中，葡萄糖和水的胃内递送对与葡萄糖递送配对的风味产生强烈的感觉偏好。在交替的日子中，将研究装有胃内和口腔内导管的大鼠，在这种情况下，在葡萄糖递送和葡萄糖的递送以及不同风味提示（CS-）的消耗有关的情况下，将与水输液相关。风味提示将通过自然舔的老鼠或鼻子孔反应来传递，从而提供风味溶液。当存在两种口味时，将通过比较摄入量来评估偏好。这将与照明变化但杠杆压力完成后没有发生的味道提示的情况进行比较。确定关键参数后，设计将应用于尼古丁作为增强剂的静脉输送。我们将再次确定尼古丁的味道是否成为首选。在最终提出的研究中，我们将确定IV葡萄糖作为增强剂是否与Ig葡萄糖或IV尼古丁作为增强剂相似或不同。这些研究可能有助于开发有条件偏好的方式，以防止或治疗某些成瘾性疾病，包括暴饮暴食。