US-Born Children in the US-Mexico Migration System

描述（由申请人提供）：解决移民影响的社会人口模型通常关注不同移民群体的定居和适应过程。关于美国主要移民来源国墨西哥移民行为的经验证据表明，必须了解一个更复杂的过程。由于返回和重复移民是如此普遍，墨西哥移民的过程需要一种理解，延伸到移民的美国出生的孩子的移民和返回移民的墨西哥出生的移民。这种第二代移民儿童数量的大量增长提出了一个根本性的问题，即墨西哥-美国的移民过程已经或将会在多大程度上从暂时的劳动移民转变为定居家庭移民。本研究的目的是首先估计整个儿童和青少年时期移民和返回美国的普遍程度；第二，了解母亲和孩子的教育是如何与这种迁移联系起来的。在移徙与母亲和儿童分离有关的地方，这一点将得到进一步探讨。确定墨西哥出生母亲的美国出生登记以及美国和墨西哥1990年和2000年的人口普查微观数据一起用于估计墨西哥出生妇女在美国出生的男性和女性子女的两地区移民模型，并比较20世纪80年代和90年代几十年来的移民和教育关系。美国2000年代的出生登记与20世纪80年代和90年代估计的儿童移民和发展模型一起使用，以了解美墨移民系统中美国出生儿童移民和教育过程新变化的来源。研究了这些在美国出生的孩子在童年时期是否留在美国或返回墨西哥的教育程度差异，以及母亲的教育程度与年龄的关系。通过这种方式，我们将代际教育联系作为一个复杂的过程来研究，它不仅涉及直接的代际教育联系，还通过国际移民的间接干预过程。这项研究有助于更好地了解墨西哥移民的未来影响，并有助于更全面地了解移民选择和家庭破裂的过程，这是了解墨西哥移民在美国经历的儿童健康后果所必需的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Social demographic models addressing the effects of immigration typically focus on the settlement and adaptation processes of different immigrant groups. Empirical evidence on the migration behavior of the US's dominant immigrant-contributing country, Mexico, indicates that a more complex process must be understood. Because return and repeat migration is so prevalent, the processes of Mexican migration demand an understanding that extends to the emigration and return migration of US-born children of Mexican-born migrants. The very large growth in numbers of such second-generation immigrant children raises questions as fundamental as to what extent has there been or will there be a transformation of the Mexico-US process from one of sojourning labor migration to settling family migration. The objectives of this study are first to estimate the prevalence of emigration and return migration to the US throughout childhood and adolescence; and second to understand how education of mother and child are associated with this migration. Where migration is associated with separation of mother and child, this is further explored. US birth registrations identifying Mexican-born mothers and US and Mexican 1990 and 2000 census micro-data are used together to estimate a two-region migration model for US-born male and female children of Mexican-born women, and to compare migration and education relationships over the decades of the 1980s and 1990s. US birth registrations into the 2000s are used with the models of childhood migration and development estimated for the 1980s and 1990s to understand the sources of new changes to the migration and education process of US-born children in the US-Mexico migration system. Differences in educational attainment of these US-born children according to whether they stay in the US or return to Mexico during childhood are explored, as is the relationship of mother's educational attainment and age. In this way, the inter-generational education association is studied as a complex process involving not only direct inter- generational educational associations but also indirectly through the intervening process of international migration. The study contributes to developing a better understanding the future impact of Mexican immigration and to a fuller understanding of the processes of emigrant selection and family disruption that are needed to understand the health consequences for children of Mexican migrant experience in the US.