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From Neighborhoods to Neurons and Beyond

从邻里到神经元及其他

基本信息

批准号：
7431475
负责人：
KRISTEN C. JACOBSON
金额：
$ 230.25万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-09-30 至 2012-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7431475
关键词：
Academic achievement Academy Accounting Address Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Behavior Adolescent Development Adult Affective African American Age Age of Onset Age-Years Aggressive behavior Agreement Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcohols Alleles American Amygdaloid structure Analysis of Variance Animal Model Annual Reports Anterior Anxiety Applications Grants Archives Area Arizona Arousal Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Award Back Behavior Behavior Control Behavior Disorders Behavior assessment Behavior monitoring Behavioral Behavioral Genetics Belief Biochemistry Bioinformatics Biologic Characteristic Biological Biological Factors Biological Psychiatry Biology Birth Blinking Blood Body mass index Brain Brain imaging Brain region Budgets CRH gene California Caregivers Caring Caucasians Caucasoid Race Cell Nucleus Cellular biology Censuses Cerebral cortex Characteristics Chicago Child Child Behavior Child Development Child Rearing Childhood Chromatin Class Clinical Clinical Trials Cognition Cognitive Cognitive Science Collaborations Collection Communities Complex Computer information processing Computers Condition Conduct Disorder Consent Consultations Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Creativeness Crime Criminology DNA DNA Methylation DNA Sequence DNA copy number Data Data Analyses Data Collection Databases Depth Development Disadvantaged Discipline Disease Disease regression Disruption Distal District of Columbia Dizygotic Twins Doctor of Philosophy Ecology Economics Educational process of instructing Educational workshop Elderly Elements Emotional Emotions Ensure Environment Environmental Exposure Environmental Risk Factor Epigenetic Process Equation Ethnic group Experimental Psychology Exposure to Face Failure Family Family Characteristics Family Process Family Study Farming environment Female Force of Gravity Foundations Frequencies Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Functional disorder Funding Future Gender Gene Expression Gene Targeting Genes Genetic Genetic Models Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetic Research Genetic Structures Genetic Variation Genome Genomics Genotype Glucocorticoid Receptor Grant Growth Hand Head Health Health Services Accessibility Heritability Heterogeneity Hippocampus (Brain)Hispanics Home environment Hour Household Human Human Development Human Genetics Hypothalamic structure Image Imaging Techniques Immunoprecipitation Impulsivity Individual Individual Differences Infant Informed Consent Intervention Interview Investigation Iowa Joints Journals Knowledge Laboratories Late Effects Laws Lead Life Life Cycle Stages Linear Models Link Longevity Longitudinal Studies Los Angeles Low income Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mammalian Genetics Maps Maternal Behavior Measurement Measures Medial Mediating Mediation Medicine Mental Depression Mental disorders Mentored Research Scientist Development Award Messenger RNA Metals Methodology Methods Methylation Michigan Minority Minority Groups Modeling Modification Molecular Molecular Genetics Molecular Profiling Monitor Monozygotic Twinning Monozygotic twins Mothers National Institute of Mental Health Nature Neighborhoods Neuraxis Neuro-Oncological Ventral Antigen 2 Neurobiology Neurons Neuropsychology Neurosciences Neurosciences Research New York Nicotine Nicotine Dependence Nucleotides Numbers Object Attachment Outcome Paper Parent-Child Relations Parental Consent Parenting behavior Parents Participant Pathway interactions Patient Self-Report Pattern Pediatrics Peer Group Peer Review Perception Personal Satisfaction Personality Persons Pharmacology Phase Phase I Clinical Trials Phase II Clinical Trials Phase III Clinical Trials Phenotype Pilot Projects Pituitary-Adrenal System Play Population Population Heterogeneity Positioning Attribute Positron-Emission Tomography Poverty Prefrontal Cortex Prevalence Prevention program Preventive Medicine Problem behavior Process Prohibit Promoter Regions Psychiatrist Psychiatry Psychologist Psychology Psychopathology Psychophysiology Psychosocial Factor Publications Published Comment Publishing Purpose Qualifying Race Range Rate Rattus Receptor Gene Recording of previous events Recruitment Activity Regulation Relative (related person)Reporting Research Research Design Research Ethics Committees Research Personnel Research Project Grants Resources Rewards Risk Risk Factors Role Rosa Route Rural SAS Sales Sampling Scanning Schools Science Seeds Seminal Series Sex Characteristics Siblings Single Parent Site Social Change Social Class Social Controls Social Disorganizations Social Environment Social Psychology Social Sciences Social isolation Socioeconomic Status Sociology Source Staging Standards of Weights and Measures Statistical Methods Stimulus Stress Stressful Event Structure Students Substance Use Disorder Supervision Surveys System Techniques Testing Thinking Time TimeLine Tobacco Training Translating Twin Multiple Birth Twin Studies United States National Institutes of Health Universities Update Variant Vietnam Violence Visit Week Work Writing Youth adolescent smoking adolescent substance use age effect age related analytical method anti social base biological research bisulfite brain research career cingulate cortex clinically significant cohort computerized data processing contextual factors cost cost effective data integration data quality day density deprivation design detector deviant early onset emotion regulation emotional stimulus endophenotype environmental stressor essays ethnic minority population experience falls father role follow-up frontal lobe genetic analysis genetic association genetic risk factor genetic variant health disparity high school human subject infancy innovation interdisciplinary approach interest life course persistent low socioeconomic status male middle age migration model design mortality multidisciplinary neural circuit nonhuman primate novel parental monitoring peer peer influence professor programs promoter protective effect psychobiologic psychogenetics psychologic psychosocial racial and ethnic racial and ethnic disparities racial difference racial discrimination racial/ethnic difference research study resilience response sex social social attachment social cognitive theory socioeconomics software development stem symposium teacher theories tool trait trend underage drinking willingness young adult

项目摘要

The purpose of this three-phase study is to conduct a multidisciplinary-based investigation of the effects of individual, family, peer, and neighborhood characteristics on individual differences in adolescent problem behavior. Phase I consists of an in-school assessment of approximately 7,000 6th – 8th graders in 10 socioeconomically and racially and ethnically diverse schools in the Chicago Public School system. The purpose of Phase I is to obtain data on environmental and psychosocial factors that may account for socioeconomic and racial and ethnic differences in problem behavior. Phase II consists of a target sample of 400 full-, half- and unrelated sibling pairs drawn from the original Phase I study who, along with their primary caregivers, will be brought to the University of Chicago for detailed neuroscience and behavioral assessments. The primary purpose of Phase II is to identify the environmental, biological, and psychosocial variables that account for individual differences in problem behavior, and to further determine whether these effects are genetically or environmentally mediated. Phase III consists of an fMRI investigation using a target sample of 60 concordant and 40 extreme discordant sibling pairs drawn from the Phase II study. The primary purpose of Phase III is to identify the neurobiological substrates that account for within-pair differences in behavior, and to determine the extent to which nonshared environmental factors account for individual differences in neurobiological functioning. A small pilot study of 20 extremely discordant sibling pairs from Phase III will investigate whether environments alter gene expression via changes in DNA methylation. Because this nested design uses a bioecological framework to measure risk and protective factors at multiple levels of analysis- “from neighborhoods to neurons and beyond”- the resulting data uniquely allows for the investigation of mediating and moderating effects among environmental, psychosocial, biological, and genetic factors on individual differences in problem behavior.

本研究分为三个阶段，目的是对以下因素的影响进行多学科研究：个体、家庭、同伴和邻里特征对青少年问题个体差异影响行为第一阶段包括在10个月内对大约7,000名6 - 8年级学生进行校内评估。在芝加哥公立学校系统的社会经济和种族和民族多样化的学校。的第一阶段的目的是获得关于可能解释社会经济、种族和民族的差异。第二阶段包括目标样本，从最初的I期研究中抽取了400对全同胞、半同胞和无血缘关系的同胞对，沿着他们的主要研究对象，护理人员，将被带到芝加哥大学进行详细的神经科学和行为评估。第二阶段的主要目的是确定环境、生物和心理社会变量，解释问题行为的个体差异，并进一步确定这些影响是否是基因或环境介导的。第三阶段包括一个fMRI研究，使用的目标样本是从II期研究中抽取60个一致和40个极端不一致的同胞对。的主要目的第三阶段是确定解释配对内行为差异的神经生物学底物，确定非共享环境因素对个体差异的影响程度，神经生物学功能一项针对20对来自第三阶段的极度不和谐的兄弟姐妹的小型试点研究将研究环境是否通过DNA甲基化改变基因表达。因为这个嵌套设计使用生物生态学框架，在多个分析层次上衡量风险和保护因素- “从社区到神经元和超越”-由此产生的数据独特地允许调查环境、心理社会、生物和遗传因素对问题行为的个体差异。