Risk Factors in the Relationship between Gender and Crack Cocaine

性别与快克可卡因之间关系的危险因素

• 批准号: 7405616
• 负责人: Elizabeth Keats Reynolds
• 金额: $ 3.91万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-17 至 2010-09-16
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7405616
• 关键词: Address; Affective; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Behavior; Behavioral; Closure; Cocaine; Cognitive; Crack Cocaine; Daughter; Dependence; Depth; Drug usage; Drug user; Enrollment; Female; Future; Gender; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; Imprisonment; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Link; Literature; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Modeling; Numbers; Patient Self-Report; Personality; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Research; Risk Factors; Role; Sexual abuse; Social Environment; Social Network; Substance abuse problem; Time; Woman; Work; condoms; drug development; high risk sexual behavior; hydroxy-aluminum polymer; inner city; male; men; response; sex; social; theories; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Previous work has indicated that inner-city women are significantly more likely to use crack/cocaine than any other drug, and are also more likely to use crack/cocaine than men across current use and lifetime heaviest use (Lejuez, et al., in press). In addition, previous results suggest that impulsivity may underlie the choice of women to choose crack/cocaine when considered over their lifetime. These findings of elevated crack use with women are surprising and problematic as crack/cocaine use, more so than other drugs, has been related to a number of serious health-compromising behaviors including risky sexual behavior and contraction of HIV. Building on previous research, this cross-sectional, exploratory study of 240.drug users, currently enrolled in residential substance abuse treatment, aims to replicate the previous findings indicating that females evidence greater use (current and lifetime heaviest) of crack/cocaine compared to males. In addition, this study will examine role of impulsivity as a mediator in the relationship between gender and crack/cocaine drug use. Because impulsivity has been identified as a multidimensional construct, it will be measured in a multi-method manner using both self-report and behavioral tasks in order to address how specific components of impulsivity are related to drug choice. Further this study plans to expand upon previous research by exploring the environmental context surrounding drug use and the individual's response to that context. To accomplish this goal, both self-report and behavioral tasks will be used to assess the social context variables of drug availability within a user's social networks and means of drug obtainment, as well as the social cognitive variables of sensitivity to ostracism, need for closure, and tendency to conform to the drug use of those in one's network. The Social Action Theory (SAT) will be used as a framework to guide the work. The SAT elaborates upon existing social-cognitive models. Specifically, the application of SAT to drug choice will encompass 3 major domains: 1) environmental context, 2) selfregulation capacities of the individual and, 3) internal-affective states that influence self-regulation. In terms of public health, this research has the potential to inform and aid in the development of drug treatment and intervention strategies specifically tailored to inner-city crack/cocaine abusing women, a currently underserved and poorly understood population, with the goal of limiting resulting consequences especially linked to this drug including incarceration and HIV infection.

描述(由申请人提供)：以前的研究表明，市中心的妇女比任何其他毒品都更有可能使用可卡因/可卡因，而且在目前使用和一生中最频繁使用的情况下，使用可卡因/可卡因的可能性也比男性更大(Lejuez等人，在出版中)。此外，以前的结果表明，冲动可能是女性在一生中选择吸食可卡因或可卡因的基础。这些女性服用可卡因增加的发现令人惊讶，也有问题，因为服用可卡因/可卡因比使用其他药物更与一些严重危害健康的行为有关，包括危险的性行为和艾滋病毒的感染。在之前研究的基础上，这项对240名目前正在接受住宅药物滥用治疗的吸毒者进行的横断面探索性研究旨在复制先前的发现，即女性比男性更多地使用可卡因/可卡因(目前和一生中最严重的)。此外，这项研究还将考察冲动在性别与可卡因/可卡因药物使用之间的关系中所起的中介作用。由于冲动性已被确定为一个多维结构，因此将使用自我报告和行为任务以多方法的方式测量它，以解决冲动性的特定组成部分如何与药物选择相关。此外，这项研究计划通过探索药物使用周围的环境背景和个人对该背景的反应来扩展先前的研究。为了实现这一目标，将使用自我报告和行为任务来评估用户的社会网络中的药物可获得性和药物获得方式的社会背景变量，以及对排斥的敏感性、封闭的需要和与网络中的那些人的药物使用相一致的倾向等社会认知变量。将使用社会行动理论(SAT)作为指导工作的框架。SAT详细阐述了现有的社会认知模型。具体地说，SAT在药物选择中的应用将包括三个主要领域：1)环境背景，2)个体的自我调节能力，3)影响自我调节的内在情感状态。在公共卫生方面，这项研究有可能为专门为市中心吸毒/滥用可卡因妇女量身定做的药物治疗和干预战略的制定提供信息和帮助，这是目前服务不足和了解不足的人群，目的是限制特别与这种药物有关的后果，包括监禁和艾滋病毒感染。