The Neural Bases of the Cognitive Control of Emotion

情绪认知控制的神经基础

• 批准号: 7281614
• 负责人: KEVIN N OCHSNER
• 金额: $ 35.17万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7281614
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affective; Amygdaloid structure; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Arousal; Aversive Stimulus; Behavior; Behavior Disorders; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Class; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive Therapy; Condition; Data Reporting; Disease; Distraction and Attention; Down-Regulation; Emotional; Emotions; Exposure to; Facial Expression; Feeling; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Generations; Goals; Health; Heart; Human; Image; Laboratories; Long-Term Effects; Maintenance; Meditation; Mental Depression; Methods; Modeling; Moods; Pain; Pattern; Perception; Persons; Play; Population; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Process; Psyche structure; Range; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Schizophrenia; Series; Somatosensory Cortex; Stimulus; Stress; System; Techniques; Testing; Thinking; Trauma; Week; Work; base; chronic pain; clinical efficacy; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; design; distraction; emotion regulation; neural model; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; response; somatosensory

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Over the past decade an important approach to describing and treating clinical and behavioral disorders has been the application of cognitive neuroscience techniques, like brain imaging, to understanding mechanisms of dysfunction. This approach has not yet been applied to understanding the mechanisms underlying the human ability to use higher cognitive abilities to regulate emotion. Understanding these mechanisms is important because cognitive therapies are highly effective for treating the emotion dysregulation associated with numerous mental and physical health disorders, ranging from post-traumatic stress and depression to cardiovascular disease. In the past five years, we and others have completed an initial wave of research on this issue that has identified interactions between prefrontal control systems and emotion processing systems (such as the amygdala) that underlie the effective cognitive down-regulation of negative emotion. The goal of this proposal is to move beyond these initial steps to more precisely characterize a normative model of the neural bases of the cognitive control of emotion. Towards that end, we propose a series of fMRI experiments is designed to address specific questions about the neural bases of two forms of cognitive emotion regulation with demonstrated clinical and laboratory efficacy: distraction and reappraisal. An emphasis is placed on examining the down-regulation of negative emotion, because of its relevance to numerous clinical disorders. Experiments 1-4 address our first specific aim, which is to determine how the neural bases of distraction and reappraisal depend upon the type of emotion eliciting stimulus. These Experiments examine the regulation of anticipatory anxiety, emotions driven by cognitive appraisals of images vs. physical pain, positive vs. negative emotion, and the long-term effects of regulation on emotional responses. Experiments 5 and 6 address our second specific aim, which is to identify the neural bases of specific subtypes of distraction and reappraisal. These Experiments examine the use of different kinds of thoughts to distract oneself from an aversive stimulus, or the use of different kinds of reappraisal to transform the meaning of that stimulus. In general, we hypothesize that the regulatory effects of a given strategy can be understood in terms of the functions associated with particular prefrontal systems control systems and their effects upon brain systems that encode stimulus features (e.g. temporal or somatosensory cortex) or generate emotional responses (e.g. amygdala). The long term goal of our approach is to provide a model of the neural bases of effective cognitive control over emotion in healthy adults that could - in future work - be used to explain the mechanisms underlying dysfunctional emotional responses in clinical populations.

描述（由申请人提供）：在过去的十年中，描述和治疗临床和行为障碍的重要方法是应用认知神经科学技术（如脑成像）来理解功能障碍的机制。这种方法尚未应用于理解人类使用更高认知能力来调节情绪的能力的机制。了解这些机制很重要，因为认知疗法对于治疗与许多精神和身体健康疾病相关的情绪失调非常有效，这些疾病包括从创伤后应激和抑郁到心血管疾病。在过去的五年里，我们和其他人完成了关于这个问题的初步研究，确定了前额控制系统和情绪处理系统（例如杏仁核）之间的相互作用，这些相互作用是有效认知下调负面情绪的基础。该提案的目标是超越这些最初的步骤，更准确地描述情绪认知控制的神经基础的规范模型。为此，我们提出了一系列功能磁共振成像实验，旨在解决有关两种形式的认知情绪调节的神经基础的具体问题，并已证明临床和实验室功效：分散注意力和重新评估。重点放在检查负面情绪的下调，因为它与许多临床疾病相关。实验 1-4 解决了我们的第一个具体目标，即确定分心和重新评估的神经基础如何依赖于引发刺激的情绪类型。这些实验考察了预期焦虑的调节、图像认知评估与身体疼痛、积极情绪与消极情绪驱动的情绪，以及调节对情绪反应的长期影响。实验 5 和 6 解决了我们的第二个具体目标，即确定分心和重新评估特定亚型的神经基础。这些实验考察了使用不同类型的想法来分散自己对厌恶刺激的注意力，或者使用不同类型的重新评估来改变该刺激的含义。一般来说，我们假设给定策略的调节作用可以根据与特定前额系统控制系统相关的功能及其对编码刺激特征（例如颞叶或体感皮层）或产生情绪反应（例如杏仁核）的大脑系统的影响来理解。我们方法的长期目标是提供健康成年人情绪有效认知控制的神经基础模型，在未来的工作中，该模型可以用来解释临床人群功能失调情绪反应的机制。