Developing a novel Climate change Risk Assessment Framework for cultural heritage in Turkey (CRAFT)- Phase II

为土耳其文化遗产制定新颖的气候变化风险评估框架（CRAFT）-第二阶段

• 批准号: AH/X006816/1
• 负责人: Ashraf Osman
• 金额: $ 11.13万
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FX006816%2F1
• 关键词: Developing; novel; Climate; change; Risk

There are clear indications of shifts in climatic patterns all around the world and climate change is considered the greatest threat facing humanity and its cultural heritage. UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 aims to "take urgent action to combat climate change and its impact" where the first target is stated as "Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries". Furthermore, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is an integral part of social and economic development and is essential if development is to be sustainable for the future. The 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development recognises and reaffirms the urgent need to reduce the risk of disasters. Flooding and landslides are one of the most destructive types of natural disasters in Turkey. Flood impacts in Turkey are felt severely in major cities of the country. Istanbul (the largest city in Turkey with 15 million inhabitants) and its UNESCO World Heritage historical areas have recently suffered from frequent floods as a result of intense rainfalls under a changing climate. The severe floods of August-September 2009 in the Marmara region of Turkey were categorised as an event greater than the 500-year return period. Many parts of the old city centre (Historic Peninsula) of Istanbul were flooded. The Historic peninsula also suffered from several major floods in December 2010, July 2017, February 2018 and August 2019. Heavy rains cause flooding events more frequently in recent years than in the past. The deadly 2019 floods, rainfall-triggered landslides, and the subsequent moisture problems have resulted in significant structural damages to cultural heritage; in particular Small HagiaSofia and Ahi Çelebi Mosque The first phase of CRAFT addressed the urgent need for flooding and landslide susceptibility mapping of cultural heritage in Istanbul. We have identified 150 cultural heritage places in the Historical Peninsula of Istanbul which could be endangered by hazards of floods and landslides. An index for damage assessment has been developed. We have recognised the inevitability of loss, where the impacts of climate and environmental change may lead to the conclusion that the conservation and perpetuation of some monuments are unsustainable. We have identified two issues that need to be addressed in order to develop an effective framework for assessing climate impact on cultural heritage in Istanbul: (1) efficient communication and interaction between the different stakeholders and government agencies (2) human activities magnify the risks of floods in Istanbul and there is a need to raise public awareness on cultural heritage and the associated risks. Therefore, in the second stage of the project, we focus on two strands of activities: (1) raising public awareness and (2) creating "Istanbul Heritage Forum", a platform for the protection of the heritage aiming at extending the results of the project beyond the project timeline. The IHF will be formed by representatives of the local community, and institutions.

有明显迹象表明世界各地的气候模式正在发生变化，气候变化被认为是人类及其文化遗产面临的最大威胁。联合国可持续发展目标（SDG）13旨在“采取紧急行动应对气候变化及其影响”，其中第一个目标是“加强所有国家应对气候相关灾害和自然灾害的抵御能力和适应能力”。此外，减少灾害风险（DRR）是社会和经济发展的一个组成部分，对于未来的可持续发展至关重要。 2030年联合国可持续发展议程认识到并重申减少灾害风险的迫切需要。洪水和山体滑坡是土耳其最具破坏性的自然灾害之一。土耳其的主要城市都受到严重的洪水影响。伊斯坦布尔（拥有 1500 万居民的土耳其最大城市）及其联合国教科文组织世界遗产历史区最近因气候变化下的强降雨而频繁遭受洪水袭击。 2009年8月至9月土耳其马尔马拉地区发生的严重洪水被归类为大于500年一遇的事件。伊斯坦布尔老城中心（历史半岛）的许多地方被洪水淹没。历史半岛还于2010年12月、2017年7月、2018年2月和2019年8月遭受了几次重大洪水。近年来，大雨导致洪水事件比过去更加频繁。 2019 年致命的洪水、降雨引发的山体滑坡以及随后的潮湿问题对文化遗产造成了严重的结构性破坏；特别是小圣索非亚大教堂和 Ahi Çelebi 清真寺 CRAFT 的第一阶段解决了伊斯坦布尔文化遗产洪水和山体滑坡敏感性测绘的迫切需要。我们已确定伊斯坦布尔历史半岛上有 150 个文化遗产地可能受到洪水和山体滑坡的威胁。已经制定了损害评估指数。我们已经认识到损失是不可避免的，气候和环境变化的影响可能会导致一些古迹的保护和永久化是不可持续的。我们确定了需要解决的两个问题，以便制定一个有效的框架来评估气候对伊斯坦布尔文化遗产的影响：（1）不同利益相关者和政府机构之间的有效沟通和互动（2）人类活动放大了伊斯坦布尔洪水的风险，需要提高公众对文化遗产及其相关风险的认识。因此，在项目的第二阶段，我们重点开展两方面的活动：（1）提高公众意识；（2）创建“伊斯坦布尔遗产论坛”，一个保护遗产的平台，旨在将项目成果延伸到项目时间表之外。 IHF 将由当地社区和机构的代表组成。