Developing a novel Climate change Risk Assessment Framework for cultural heritage in Turkey (CRAFT)- Phase II

为土耳其文化遗产制定新颖的气候变化风险评估框架（CRAFT）-第二阶段

• 批准号: AH/X006816/1
• 负责人: Ashraf Osman
• 金额: $ 11.13万
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FX006816%2F1
• 关键词: Developing; novel; Climate; change; Risk

There are clear indications of shifts in climatic patterns all around the world and climate change is considered the greatest threat facing humanity and its cultural heritage. UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 aims to "take urgent action to combat climate change and its impact" where the first target is stated as "Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries". Furthermore, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is an integral part of social and economic development and is essential if development is to be sustainable for the future. The 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development recognises and reaffirms the urgent need to reduce the risk of disasters. Flooding and landslides are one of the most destructive types of natural disasters in Turkey. Flood impacts in Turkey are felt severely in major cities of the country. Istanbul (the largest city in Turkey with 15 million inhabitants) and its UNESCO World Heritage historical areas have recently suffered from frequent floods as a result of intense rainfalls under a changing climate. The severe floods of August-September 2009 in the Marmara region of Turkey were categorised as an event greater than the 500-year return period. Many parts of the old city centre (Historic Peninsula) of Istanbul were flooded. The Historic peninsula also suffered from several major floods in December 2010, July 2017, February 2018 and August 2019. Heavy rains cause flooding events more frequently in recent years than in the past. The deadly 2019 floods, rainfall-triggered landslides, and the subsequent moisture problems have resulted in significant structural damages to cultural heritage; in particular Small HagiaSofia and Ahi Çelebi Mosque The first phase of CRAFT addressed the urgent need for flooding and landslide susceptibility mapping of cultural heritage in Istanbul. We have identified 150 cultural heritage places in the Historical Peninsula of Istanbul which could be endangered by hazards of floods and landslides. An index for damage assessment has been developed. We have recognised the inevitability of loss, where the impacts of climate and environmental change may lead to the conclusion that the conservation and perpetuation of some monuments are unsustainable. We have identified two issues that need to be addressed in order to develop an effective framework for assessing climate impact on cultural heritage in Istanbul: (1) efficient communication and interaction between the different stakeholders and government agencies (2) human activities magnify the risks of floods in Istanbul and there is a need to raise public awareness on cultural heritage and the associated risks. Therefore, in the second stage of the project, we focus on two strands of activities: (1) raising public awareness and (2) creating "Istanbul Heritage Forum", a platform for the protection of the heritage aiming at extending the results of the project beyond the project timeline. The IHF will be formed by representatives of the local community, and institutions.

清楚地表明，世界各地的气候模式发生了变化，气候变化被认为是人类面临的最大威胁及其文化遗产。联合国可持续发展目标（SDG）13旨在“采取紧迫的行动来消除气候变化及其影响”，其中第一个目标被称为“增强了所有国家 /地区与气候相关危害和自然灾害的适应能力和适应能力”。此外，减少灾害风险（DRR）是社会和经济发展不可或缺的一部分，如果发展为未来具有可持续性，则至关重要。 2030年的联合国可持续发展议程承认并重申了减少灾难风险的迫切需要。洪水和滑坡是土耳其自然灾害最具破坏性的类型之一。在该国主要城市，土耳其的洪水影响严重。伊斯坦布尔（土耳其最大的城市，有1500万居民）及其联合国教科文组织世界遗产历史地区最近由于气候变化而经常遭受洪水泛滥。 2009年8月至9月在土耳其马尔马拉地区的严重洪水被归类为大于500年回报期的事件。伊斯坦布尔旧市中心（历史半岛）的许多地区被淹没了。历史悠久的半岛在2010年12月，2017年7月，2018年2月和2019年8月还遭受了几次重大洪水。近年来，大雨使洪水泛滥的事件比过去更频繁。致命的2019年楼层，降雨触发的滑坡以及随后的水分问题导致了文化遗产的重大结构性损害。尤其是小型Hagiasofia和Ahiçelebi清真寺的第一阶段，即我们已经在伊斯坦布尔历史悠久的半岛中确定了150个文化遗产的紧急情况，这可能会受到地板和滑坡的危害。已经开发了损害评估的指数。我们已经认识到损失的必然性，气候和环境变化的影响可能会导致结论，即某些古迹的保护和永久性是不可持续的。我们已经确定了需要解决的两个问题，以开发一个有效的框架来评估伊斯坦布尔文化遗产的影响：（1）不同利益相关者与政府机构之间有效的沟通和互动（2）人类活动扩大了伊斯坦布尔地板的风险，并且需要提高公众对文化危害和相关的文化风险。因此，在项目的第二阶段，我们关注两项活动：（1）提高公众意识和（2）创建“伊斯坦布尔遗产论坛”，这是一个保护遗产的平台，旨在将项目的结果扩展到项目时间表之外。 IHF将通过代表当地社区和机构形成。