Computer-based holography and middle-ear function

基于计算机的全息术和中耳功能

• 批准号: 7334713
• 负责人: JOHN J ROSOWSKI
• 金额: $ 19.42万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7334713
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Affect; Animals; Applied Research; Area; Auditory; Cartilage; Characteristics; Chinchilla (genus); Computers; Condition; Coupled; Coupling; Data; Dependence; Disease; Ear; Effectiveness; Engineering; Eye; Felis catus; Fiber; Fiber Optics; Frequencies; Funding; Future; Grant; Hearing; Holography; Human; Institutes; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Labyrinth; Lasers; Lead; Life; Location; Malleus; Massachusetts; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Membrane; Metric; Modeling; Modification; Modiolus; Morphology; Motion; Optics; Outcome; Pathologic; Pathology; Pattern; Perforation; Peripheral; Phase; Play; Procedures; Process; Property; Range; Resolution; Role; Shapes; Speed; Stapes; Stimulus; Structure; Surface; System; Techniques; Temporal bone structure; Testing; Theoretical model; Thick; Time; Transplanted tissue; Travel; Tympanic Membrane Perforation; Tympanic membrane; Tympanoplasty; Update; Variant; Work; base; design; hearing impairment; kinematics; middle ear; nanometer; pressure; reconstruction; response; round window; size; sound; sound frequency; theories; tool

The tympanic membrane (TM) is the initial structure involved in the middle-ear's acoustic-mechanical transformation of environmental sounds to sound within the inner ear. There is good evidence that the form of the TM helps define the frequency range to which the ear is sensitive, including correlations between the sensitivity and range of hearing and the size and shape of the TM. While we know some basic facts about the workings of the healthy TM in a limited frequency range, there are many issues that are unresolved including the effect of TM shape on function, the effect of large differences in TM mechanical properties across species as well as how the TM functions at higher frequencies. There are also questions regarding the workings of the pathologic TM, e.g. How do perforations affect the motion of the entire TM? and Do grafted membranes work like normal TMs? The work proposed here will apply a real-time fiber-optic electro- holographic system based on fast computer-based video-processing to the study of the sound-induced displacement of the TM in normal ears of several animal species (including humans) as well as in ears with induced pathologies and reconstructions. The optical measurement system produces a continuously updated display of time-averaged holograms (up to 500 frames a second) of the displacement of the surface of the TM. This display allows observations of iso-displacement contours of the entire TM surface (with a resolution of 50-200 nm) while the amplitude and/or frequency of the stimulus sound are continuously varied. Such observations lead to easy identification of the critical frequencies and the level dependence of TM displacement patterns. A second version of the system (stroboscopic holography) allows measurement with resolutions of 1-10 nm of the magnitude and phase of the displacement of the entire membrane surface. A third version (dual-wavelength holography) allows measurement of the static shape of the TM with 1-10 nm resolution. The applications of these optical techniques include the identification and quantification of wave travel on the surface of the normal TM, investigations of inter-specific differences in TM motion and TM mechanical parameters, and tests of hypotheses concerning the sensitivity of membrane displacement patterns to ossicular disorders and TM perforations as well as the motion of various TM graft configurations in surgically reconstructed human ears.

鼓膜是中耳声学机械系统的初始结构。 将环境中的声音转化为内耳内的声音。有很好的证据表明，表格 有助于定义耳朵对其敏感的频率范围，包括 听力的敏感度和范围以及TM的大小和形状。虽然我们知道一些关于 健康TM在有限的频率范围内工作，有许多问题尚未解决 包括TM形状对功能的影响，TM力学性能差异大的影响 跨物种以及TM如何以更高的频率发挥作用。还有一些问题是关于 病理性TM的工作原理，例如穿孔如何影响整个TM的运动？并做到了 移植的膜和正常的经皮巨噬细胞一样起作用？本文提出的工作将应用于一种实时的光纤电信号。 基于快速计算机视频处理的全息系统对声诱导的研究 TM在几种动物(包括人类)正常耳朵中的移位 诱导的病理和重建。该光学测量系统产生连续的 更新显示表面位移的时间平均全息图(最高每秒500帧) 在TM中。该显示允许观察整个TM表面的等位移等值(使用 分辨率为50-200 nm)，而刺激声的幅度和/或频率连续变化。 这样的观测结果使得识别TM的临界频率和水平依赖关系变得容易 位移模式。该系统的第二个版本(频闪全息术)允许使用 分辨率为1-10 nm的整个膜表面位移的大小和相位。一个 第三个版本(双波长全息术)允许测量1-10 nm的TM静态形状 决议。这些光学技术的应用包括波的识别和量化 在正常TM表面的旅行，TM运动和TM种间差异的调查 力学参数和膜位移灵敏度假设的检验 听小骨紊乱和TM穿孔的类型以及各种TM移植物构型的运动 在外科手术重建的人类耳朵中。